What is the effect of a star being pulled into a black hole? Does it change in size?

SANTOSH KULKARNI
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 A star is not ‘pulled in’ to a black hole - like, ‘swallowing’ something, as is often mentioned. Instead, when a star is close enough to a black hole, the material from the star flows into the black hole. This is called ‘accretion’.

Artwork depicting a black hole drawing matter off a star, which then swirls around the black hole in an accretion disk. Credit: NASA/CXC/M.Weiss

An accretion disk forms whenever the matter being accreted possesses enough rotational momentum that it cannot simply fall inward toward the central singularity of a black hole along a straight line. It begins to orbit the black hole and a ‘disc’ shape is seen.

Therefore, the answer to your question is, when a star falls into a black hole, it is not a star any more; it is all gas.

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