What is the biggest find ever made by underwater archaeologists?

 In 1982, Turkish sponge diver Mehmed Çakir was diving for sponges off the coast of Uluburun in southwestern Turkey.

He was at a depth of approximately 44 meters when he came across a strange jumble of objects, half-buried in the silt and sand.

He knew he had discovered something ancient and immediately alerted archaeologists.

But he could not have guessed how old these artifacts were and how important they would prove to be.

Investigations revealed that Çakir had discovered an ancient Bronze Age shipwreck.
Archaeologists date the ship's construction to 1300 BC, making it over 3300 years old.

The ship was built of Lebanese cedar wood, between 15 and 16 meters long, and equipped with 24 stone anchors.
It apparently sank after colliding with the rocky coast; perhaps it was driven onto the rocks by a storm.

What followed was one of the most ambitious salvage operations in archaeology.
From 1984 to 1994, eleven consecutive campaigns took place, each lasting three to four months.
A total of 22,413 dives were carried out.

The sloping underwater railing in the area of ​​the wreck posed a major challenge for the divers.

As the wreck sank, it broke apart and the fragments and cargo were scattered down the steep slope of the seabed.

Artifacts were found at a depth of 44 to 61 meters.

But it was the sheer range and diversity of these goods that truly astonished the divers.
The objects on board originated from a wide variety of regions, from Northern Europe to Africa, from Sicily and Sardinia to Mesopotamia.

The ship contained 10 tons of copper and 1 ton of tin in so-called oxhide ingots (enough to melt 11 tons of bronze).
One jug was filled with glass beads, many others with terebinth resin, which is used as a wine preservative and medicine.

The numerous vessels found on board also contained a wide variety of organic material, which scientists were able to identify using modern methods. This includes:

- Almonds and pine nuts

- Figs

- Olives

- Grapes

- Safflower

- Black cumin

- Coriander

- Pomegranates

From all these finds, archaeologists were able to create a picture of how trade connected the kingdoms of the late Bronze Age.

The example of this shipwreck shows us that a lively exchange of goods took place and that these societies were interconnected in many ways just like ours today.

The 3,300-year-old wreck of Uluburun shows how long people have been crossing great distances just to meet people in distant countries and exchange goods.

It reminds us how much this human instinct has driven our progress, and also what was lost through the collapse in the Bronze Age.

What are the biggest wardrobe fails in major films?

 In my opinion, there are several significant errors. One error, which stems from modern social conventions, concerns the portrayal of natives from tropical regions.

It's common to see native women in those films wearing bikini-style garments that cover their chests. Historically, this didn't happen in any culture I'm aware of.

In ancient times in tropical areas it was usual to either go bare-chested or use a type of poncho or blanket over them, but not triangular pieces of cloth over the breasts.

It was also much more common that if a genital covering was worn, it did not cover the rear.

In many cultures, men went completely naked, as did unmarried women.

What we see in movies is a sanitized image according to what is considered normal in Western culture (covering the breasts, genitals and intergluteal area).

Depending on the region where the film takes place, there are different examples of what would be considered authentic attire, for example below.

Representation of a Malabar couple (India)

Representation of ancient Taino indigenous people

Representation of Tupinamba indigenous people

Aboriginal people of Australia

Representation of Selknam indigenous people of Patagonia

Guarani Indigenous people

Clothing styles of Mesoamerican tribes

What's the biggest scandal in Bollywood?

 Here are some of the most shocking sex scandals that Bollywood has ever seen.

1. Shiney Ahuja Accused Of Rape

In June 2009, ‘Gangster’ star Shiney Ahuja was accused of raping his domestic help. The promising star refuted the claims initially, even going to the extent of saying that “things like this happen” to the police. Several colleagues in the film industry as well as his wife, Anupam, claimed that the allegations were untrue and that he was being framed. However, medical reports proved that the young lady had been forced. It was then that Shiney admitted to his crime, stating that he was unaware that ‘rape’ was a serious offence.

2. Madhur Bhandarkar And Preeti Jain Scandal

Madhur Bhandarkar, who hit the jackpot with movies like Chandni Bar, Page 3 and Fashion, was indicted in a rape case for allegedly requesting sexual favors from struggling actress Preeti Jain. According to a statement submitted by Preeti, she had consensual sex with Bhandarkar, when he promised her a role in his films. He did not keep his promise, and that is when the small-time actress slapped a case against him. Fighting the case for more than eight years, Madhur finally had the last laugh when Jain was arrested for hiring a contract killer to murder the famous director, and the latter was acquitted of all false charges.

3. Aditya Pancholi

While Bollywood actor Aditya Pancholi was dating model-actress Pooja Bedi, the latter’s maid, who was just fifteen years old then, charged him with rape. The case caused uproar in the Hindi film industry, as the favorite ‘bad man’ turned into the same in real life. Though the case eventually slipped into oblivion, Bedi and Pancholi broke up after the rumors.

4. Payal Rohatagi’s Allegations Against Dibakar Banerjee

Having hogged the limelight for his critically acclaimed films Khosla Ka Ghosla and Love Sex Aur Dhokha, Dibakar Banerjee claimed the attention of the media with a controversy involving actress-model Payal Rohatgi. Both were initially on great terms, before Rohatgi approached Banerjee for a role in his film Shanghai. Things quickly turned sour when the director allegedly began visiting her house at wee hours of the night and demanded she strip for him. Dibakar though had a completely different story to narrate, as he accused her of having inappropriate intentions. The charges couldn’t be proved in court; the talented director was supported by colleagues while the actress fizzled out of the movie industry.

5. Shakti Kapoor Sting Operation

In a casting couch sting operation, yesteryear’s Bollywood villain Shakti Kapoor was caught red-handed as he requested sex in exchange for roles in Hindi movies. A journalist had posed as a struggling actor who, as Kapoor claims, made advances towards him. Lured by the young woman, he admits to have played along. Though several people chose to ostracize the on-screen villain, there were others who chose to condemn the step taken by the media of staging the stratagem.

Which is the biggest Shiva temple in the world?

 The biggest Shiva temple in the World is Brihadeeswarar temple in Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu.

The temple was built by Raja Raja Chola I. The temple is more than 1000 years old.

• The temple structure is an example of Dravidian architecture and it portrays the ideology of Tamil Civilization and Chola Empire.
• The temple has the world's largest Vimanam ( temple tower ) and it's Kumbam (the structure on the top ) weighs approximately 80 tons.
• The temple has a huge statue of Nandi at the entrance. The statue is carved out of a single rock and weighs around 20 tons.

• The main Shiva Linga inside the temple is 8.7 meters tall.
• Brihadeeswarar temple is one of the few temples, that has Ashta-dikpaalakas ( Guardians of the Eight directions) idols.
• It's the first complete granite temple in the World, around 60000 tons of granite is said to be used to build the temple.
• It was constructed by interlocking technology without using binding materials.
• It has a tunnel from the temple to the pasupatheeswharar temple in the district of Karur. It is believed that the Saint karuvurar (his grave is in this Karur temple) came all the way through this tunnel to open the brihadheswarar temple.
• This temple's vimans shadow never fall on the ground.
• The temple's replica was built by Raja Raja Cholas son, Rajendra chola in a place called Gangai konda chollapuram, as a memory in defeating the ganges plains.

What was one of the biggest scandals in the production of a film or series?

 When one looks into unusual events that occurred in the 80s and 90s related to problems on set, we see that they were much more frequent than they are today… or that they were simply more publicized than they are now.

The famous actress and Hollywood star,Mary Elizabeth Mastrantonio, starred in one.

In one of his films produced in conjunction withJames Cameron From 1989, apparently there were scenes that had their various risks, such as having to film at a depth of 12 meters to capture some of the essential shots of the filmThe secret of the abyss.

The scene was truly stressful, in which her character technically drowns and her husband helps her to be saved. In real life, the actress said she had a terrible time, and was literally freezing and soaked because the director wanted to get the best out of the scene.

It was later confirmed by the media that she was very angry about the treatment she received, and that she even yelled at the production that "they were not animals" in a furious outburst and without thinking twice at the time of the recording of said scene.

A delicately complicated situation.

What are some of the biggest career mistakes of Bollywood stars?

 Imagine being at the absolute peak of your career, people are going crazy just to get a glimpse of you & you choose that exact moment to hit pause and walk into politics.

Amitabh Bachchan entered politics in 1984 & after that he significantly reduced the number of films he was doing. As a result, scripts like Mr India and Khalnayak which were originally written for him went to Anil Kapoor and Sanjay Dutt

Politics robbed Amitabh of what could have been an even longer peak run, this was an era where audiences were so invested in him that even a low grade macho film like Mard was guaranteed a blockbuster simply by having his face on the poster

His 1988 comeback via Shahenshah was met with genuine madness from audiences, full houses at opening, good collections, but the film was still labeled an underperformer because the bar for Bachchan was simply on another level.

After 1984, Bachchan was barely releasing anything, one film here, a year's gap there.

Mard, Aakhree Raasta, Shahenshah, Ajooba, Toofaan, Mai Azaad hoo, that was basically it across 5 years. And these happened to be his peak years. More output during this period and his stardom would have had a much longer shelf life…

What is the biggest 6 in meters in cricket?

 Well if we talk about Cricket the first thing that come to our mind is about 6 in cricket by players. There are many players whom people like watching hitting big sixes.

Let's have a look over top 10 six in the cricket history:

#10 Ijaz Ahmad (115m)

Pakistan’s Ijaz Ahmed played some amazing displays on the cricket field. He is might have been an understated cricketer, but he managed to draw attention towards himself and his batting style with an incredible sixer of 115 m. It was a match in 1999, when Pakistan faced India at Mohali. Interestingly, the entire match saw just two sixes, both of which were scored by Ahmed.

#9 Chris Gayle/ Corey Anderson (116)

West Indian batsman Chris Gayle and New Zealand player Corey Anderson both hold the record for the ninth biggest sixer recorded in the history of cricket. Gayle’s biggest sixer came in 2010 in the World Twenty20 tournament at Bridgetown. Gayle turned a delivery by India’s Yusuf Pathan into a 116 m stunner! Anderson, on the other hand, sent a ball to the roof in an ODI match of 2014, at Napier, though he too, did so in a match against India.

#8 Shahid Afridi (117m)

Back in January 2005, Afridi was on the crease, defending Pakistan against Australia, at Perth, when he turned a delivery into a 117 m sixer, making the stadium erupt in joy and excitement.

#7 Mahendra Singh Dhoni (118m)

India’s dependable batsman and captain, MS Dhoni, has always been known for his stunning shots, especially the helicopter shots. Some of the most attractive sixes in recent cricket have been scored by none other than Dhoni. In March 2009, he scored a massive 118 m six during India’s tour in New Zealand. He hit a majestic shot that stunned everyone, and after doing so, he did not even turn around to look at the ball! Now that’s confidence!

#6 Yuvraj Singh (119m)

Yuvraj Singh is one of the most notable batsmen of India, known for his big hits and spectacular displays on the field. He found the place in the list of players to have hit the top 10 biggest sixes in cricket when he hit an enormous one in September 2007 during the Twenty-20 World Cup match against Australia. Brett Lee sent a delivery his way, and Yuvi turned it into the most memorable six of this career. India eventually went on to win the t20 World Cup 2007.

#5 Mark Waugh (120m)

Australia’s celebrated and extremely talented batsman, Mark Waugh, was known for his elegant style of batting. And, he found his way in the list of players who have managed to hit the biggest sixers in cricketing history. This gifted stroke-master took the breath away from all those people watching the match when he turned a Daniel Vettori delivery into a massive sixer in a match against the arch-rival of the Aussies, i.e. New Zealand, in 1997.

#4 Jacob Oram (130m)

New Zealand representative Jacob Oram acquires the 4th position on the list of players who have hit the top 10 biggest sixes of all time. His 130 m shot, one of the longest sixes, was hit in a One Day International match against Australia back in 2006. As the Kiwis chased a huge score of 332 at Sydney to defeat their arch-rivals, Oram sent the ball across the ground.

#3 Brett Lee (148m)

In a T-20 match against West Indies, Australia’s immensely talented bowler and the 2nd Fastest bowler in the Cricket History. Brett Lee hit one of the top 10 biggest sixes ever in the history of the sport. It was a delivery by Rovman Powell that met such a fate in the hands of the Australian. This time, Lee hit the ball with a cracking sound that resonated across the noisy stadium, and sent the ball to the roof of the Gabba ground!

#2 Shahid Afridi (158m)

In the second place on the list of the biggest Six in cricket of all time is the hit by Shahid Afridi, with his 158 meters hit in the year 2013. It was a match in which Pakistan faced West Indies in an away match. Afridi, who was known as Boom Boom Afridi and the King of Sixes back then, took a delivery that e sent right into the neighbouring golf course, and turned into the biggest six ever in the history of cricket! It was a remarkable six!

#1 Albert Trott (160+m)

Albert Trott sits at the top of the list of the players to have scored the top 10 biggest sixes in cricket of all time. He represented both England and Australia on an international level, which was only possible in the 1900s when he used to play. Ironically, he set the record for the biggest sixer in cricket in a match between England and Australia! His 160 m sixer cleared the Lord’s Pavilion!

P.S. : Google

(Source: google)

What has been the biggest turnaround in a cricket match to date?

 India vs England 2006 1st ODI

I Still don't know how India managed to win this match. Except for the last 20 overs India was never in contention of the match. And still they won by a good margin of 39 runs

So India batted first and lost Sehwag early. Dravid and Gambhir scored quick ruins and India was 56/1. But then the fast bowlers of England- Anderson, Plunkett, Ali and Flintoff took India to the cleaners. Suddenly India was at 80/5. Suresh Raina and Irfan Pathan stitched a partnership. The runrate dipped to less than 4 and there was hardly any intention to score runs. It was a matter of survival. The only spinner Blackwell have only 24 runs in his 10 overs. Raina and Pathan got out in quick succession. And then Harbhajan Singh played strokes to ensure India etch past 200 mark. MS Dhoni just played the anchor scoring 20 runs while Harbhajan scored 37. These 4 players (Raina, Pathan, Dhoni, Harbhajan) scored more than half of the runs for the team as team India bundled out for 203 runs in 46.4 overs.

England had a very shaky start with Pathan picking up two wickets in the very first over and England were 4/2. After that Kevin Peterson came to the crease and along with Matt Prior shared a quick 53 runs partnership. Harbhajan Singh was brought to attack and Prior played an unnecessary aerial shot to get out. Then came Flintoff and both Perterson and Flintoff hit Indian bowlers all over the park particularly hitting Sreesanth for big sixes.

England were comfortably placed at 117/3 in 19 overs scoring at more than 6 runs per over. And then came the turnaround.

Yuvraj Singh was introduced to bowling and in the 5th ball of the over Kevin Peterson slog swept him which was caught at the deep. 117/4. Peterson scored 46 runs

In the next over Harbhajan Singh was brought back to the attack and instantly he got Flintoff LBW. Flintoff got out for 41. 117/5

In his next over Harbhajan Singh bowled a slow yorker length ball which rattled the stumps of G Jones. England 120/6

Ian Blackwell and Paul Collingwood played cautiously but after a point Blackwell also couldn't resist a slog sweep on Harbhajan Singh. He was again caught on the leg side. England 137/7.

Collingwood was playing defensively so fielders were brought close in. And eventually he was caught at silly point. Harbhajan Singh got his 5th wicket. England 142/8.

In the very next over Yuvraj got Kabir Ali LBW for 0. England 142/9.

The last pair of Anderson and Plunkett offered some resistance. They added 22 runs playing the final overs of Harbhajan and Yuvraj. Harbhajan ended with 31/5 and Yuvraj 32/2.

Eventually Pathan got Plunkett out for 14 and England ended with 164 runs. England could have won the match easily had they resisted their temptation to slog sweep trying to hit sixes. Kevin Peterson, Matt Prior and Iam Blackwell got out by playing aerial shots. Some really good bowling by Harbhajan Singh and Yuvraj allowed India to win the match for India and defend a low total.