Friday, May 24, 2024

This Day in History

 

January
DateHistory
41972 – Willy Wonka’s trademark was registered.
61925 – George Washington Carver was granted patent – US1522176 for a cosmetic and processing of producing the same. This cosmetic was a cream made from peanuts.
71714 – Henry Mill was granted patent in US (395) for the first typewriter designed for the impressing or transcribing of letters singly or progressively one after another, as in writing
1913 – William Burton was granted Patent in US (1049667) for the manufacture of gasoline.
1927 – Transatlantic telephone service began between New York and London. 31 calls were made on the first day.
2002 – Microsoft Corp. chairman Bill Gates introduced a new device code named Mira. The device was tablet-like and was a cross between a handheld computer and a TV remote control.
2014 – NASA releases the deepest image ever taken of a galaxy cluster not long after the Big Bang. The image includes Abell 2744, a galaxy cluster in the Sculptor constellation, and was taken by the Hubble Space Telescope.
81935 – Arthur Cobb Hardy received a US Patent – 1987441 for the spectrophotometer.
111955 – Lloyd Conover was granted US Patent (2699054 ) for the antibiotic tetracycline. He was the first to make an antibiotic by chemically modifying a naturally produced drug.
131930 – Micky Mouse cartoon first appeared in newspapers throughout the U.S
141890 – George Cooke received US patent (419183) for a matchless gas burner.
151861 – Elisha G. Otis was issued US patent (31128) for “improvement in hoisting apparatus” (safetyelevator)
161984 – Jim Henson’s copyright claim on ‘Kermit, the Muppet’ was renewed.
171882 – Leroy Firman received a patent (#252576) for the telephone in Chicago.
181957 – Lerner and Lowe’s musical motion picture, ‘My Fair Lady’, was registered.
191915 – ‘Doublemint’ gum was registered as a trademark.
201857 – William Kelly got a patent (#16444) for blast furnace for manufacturing steel.
 1929 – The first outdoor feature-length talking motion picture was made, a film called ‘In Old Arizona’.
211939 – Arlen and Harburg’s song, ‘Over the Rainbow’, was copyrighted.
 1954 – The first atomic submarine was launched. The USS Nautilus was christened by First Lady Mamie Eisenhower.
221895 – ‘Lifebuoy’ soap was trademark registered.
 1931 – VARA (a Dutch company) began experimental TV broadcasts from Amsterdam.
231849 – A patent (#3388642) was granted for an envelope-making machine.
 1943 – ‘Casablanca’, the movie, was copyrighted.
241871 – Charles Goodyear, Jr. got a patent (#2034650) for Goodyear Welt, a machine for sewing boots and shoes.
 1935 – The first canned beer, ‘Krueger Cream Ale’, was sold by the Kruger Brewing Company of Richmond, VA.
251870 – Gustavus Dows got a patent (#99170) for a modern form of the soda fountain.
 1881 – Michael Brassill obtained a patent (#260830) for a candlestick.
261875 – The first electric dental drill by George Green was granted a patent (#171121).
 1909 – ‘Milk-Bone’ Brand was trademark registered.
271880 – Patent (#223898) was granted to Thomas A. Edison, for ‘an electric lamp for giving light by incandescence’.
281807 – London’s Pall Mall became the first street lit by gaslight.
 1873 – Patent (#135245) was obtained by French chemist Louis Pasteur for a process of brewing beer and ale.
291895 – Charles Steinmetz got a patent (#533244) for a ‘system of distribution by alternating current’ (A/C power).
 1924 – Carl Taylor of Cleveland got a patent (#2045535) for a machine that made ice cream cones.
301487 – Bell chimes were invented.
 1883 – James Ritty and John Birch received a patent (#271363)  for the cash register.
311851 – Gail Borden announced his invention of evaporated milk.
1893 – Coca-Cola trademark for ‘nutrient or tonic beverages’ registered.
1983 – Michael Jackson’s ‘Thriller’ was copyrighted.

February
DateHistory
11788 – The first US patent (#718419) for an improvement to steamships was issued to Isaac Briggs & William Longstreet.
 1983 – Matthews, Tansil and Fannin obtained a patent (#1157551) for a digital voice mail system.
21869 – James Oliver invented the removable tempered steel plow blade.
 1965 – Alfonso Alvarez received a patent (#2903057) for ‘dual-vent windows’.
31690 – The first paper money in America was issued in the colony of Massachusetts.
 1952 – The first episode of the TV program ‘Dragnet’ was copyrighted.
41824 – J. W. Goodrich introduced the world to the first rubber galoshes.
 1941 – Roy Plunkett received a patent (#2230654) for ‘tetrafluoro-ethylene polymers’ (TEFLON).
51861 – Samuel Goodale got a patent (#31310) for  the first moving picture peep-show machine.
61917 – ‘Sunmaid’ raisins were trademark registered.
 1947 – Frank Capra’s ‘It’s a Wonderful Life’ was copyrighted.
71804 – John Deere, a pioneer manufacturer of agricultural implements, was born.
 1995 – Larry Gunter and Tracie Williams received a patent (#5387107)  for a personalized interactive storybook
81916 – Charles Kettering received a patent (#1254811) for a self-starting automobile engine.
91811 – Robert Fulton was granted a patent (#2421944) for the practical steamboat
101976 – Sidney Jacoby was granted a patent (#3938115) for a combination smoke and heat detector alarm.
111973 – National Inventor’s Hall of Fame was founded on the anniversary of Thomas Edison’s birth in 1847.
121974 – Stephen Kovacs received a patent (#3791769) for a magnetic heart pump.
 1983 – The circular thing that keeps the pizza from hitting the inside of the box top called a ‘package saver’ was invented by a guy from New Jersey.
131979 – Charles Chidsey received a patent (#20050163811) for male baldness solution.
141854 – Horace Smith and Daniel Wesson got a patent (#10535) for a firearm.
151972 – William Kolff obtained a patent (#4510628) for the soft-shell mushroom-shaped artificial heart.
161932 – James Markham received the first fruit tree patent (#PP7) for a peach tree.
171827 – Chester Stone got a patent (#20669) for a washing machine.
181879 – Auguste Bartholdi was granted a design patent (#D11023) for the Statue of Liberty.
191878 – Thomas Edison received a patent (#227679) for the phonograph.
201846 – John Drummond was granted a patent (#4389) for molds for the manufacture of candles.
 1872 – Luther Crowell got a patent (#146435) for a machine that manufactured paper bags.
211865 – John Deere received a patent (#63369) for ploughs.
221916 – Ernst Alexanderson was issued a patent (#1173079) for a selective radio tuning system.
231943 – The song, ‘As Time Goes By’, from the movie Casablanca was copyrighted.
241857 – The first perforated United States postage stamps was delivered to the government.
 1925 – ‘His Master’s Voice’ was trademark registered.
251902 – John Holland was granted a patent (#815350) for a submarine.
261870 – The first New York City subway line opened. The short-lived line was pneumatic powered.
 1963 – ‘Hobie’ surfboards trademark registered.
271900 – Felix Hoffman got a patent (#644077) for acetyl salicylic acid aka aspirin.
281984 – Donald Mauldin received a patent (#4572169) for a knee brace.
291860 – Herman Hollerith the inventor of the first electric tabulating machine was born on a leap year.
 1972 – ‘Kooky Doodles’ got their trademark registered.

March
DateHistory
11921 – Harry Houdini was granted a patent (#1370316) for a ‘diver’s suit’.
21861 – The Patent Act of 1861 increased term of a patent grant from 14 to 17 years, now it is 20 years.
31821 – Thomas Jennings received a patent (#1995030784) for ‘dry scouring of clothes’. He was the first African-American inventor to receive a U.S. patent.
41955 – The first radio facsimile or fax transmission was sent across the continent.
 1997 – Leonard Kasday received a patent (#2130417) for a way to handle telephone prize opportunities.
51872 – George Westinghouse, Jr. got a patent (#124403) for the steam air brake.
 1963 – Arthur K. Melin received patent (# 3079728) for ‘Hoop Toy’ aka the hula-hoop.

August
DateHistory
11906 – Soichiro Honda born – Japanese engineer, race car driver and industrialist – He began  manufacturing with a piston-ring factory  in 1934 – After World War II, he expanded into producing vehicles in 1948
51997 – Glory S. Hoskin was granted Patent – United States 5652975 for automatic talking Potty Apparatus: To know more click here

September
DateHistory
61992 – Game Board was patented by Sidney Weiss (Patent No. US1925018 A)

Saturday, January 27, 2024

ಶ್ರೀ ಕೃಷ್ಣದೇವರಾಯರ ಆಸ್ಥಾನದಲ್ಲಿದ್ದ ಅಧಿಕಾರಿಗಳ ಹೆಸರುಗಳನ್ನು ತಿಳಿಸಿ?

 ಶ್ರೀಮನು ಶ್ರೀಮಂನ್ ಮಹಾರಾಜಾಧಿರಾಜ ರಾಜಪರಮೇಶ್ವರ ಶ್ರೀ ವೀರಪ್ರತಾಪ ಶ್ರೀ ವೀರ ಕೃಷ್ಣರಾಯ ಮಹಾರಾಯರ ಆಸ್ಥಾನದಲ್ಲಿದ್ದ ಅಧಿಕಾರಿಗಳ ಹೆಸರುಗಳು ಶಾಸನಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ದೊರಕುತ್ತವೆ:

  1. ತಿಮ್ಮರಸ,
  2. ಸಾಳುವ ಗೋವಿಂದರಾಜ,
  3. ಗೌರವ ನರಸಯ್ಯ,
  4. ದೇವರಸಯ್ಯ,
  5. ವಿಜಯಪೊಡೆಯ,
  6. ವಿಠರಸವೊಡೆಯ,
  7. ಲಿಂಗರಸವೊಡೆಯ,
  8. ಕೃಷ್ಣರಾಯ ನಾಯಕ ರಾಯಸ್ತ ನಾರಣಪ್ಪ,
  9. ಪಡುಮೂಲದೇವಿ ಅಮ್ಮ,
  10. ಬಾಗೂರು ಮಲ್ಲರಸಯ್ಯಾ,
  11. ವೀರವೊಡೆಯ,
  12. ಆದಪ್ಪನಾಯಡು,
  13. ಯಲ್ಲಪ್ಪನಾಯ್ಕ,
  14. ಹೊನ್ನಿಸೆಟ್ಟಿ,
  15. ನರಸನಾಯಕ,
  16. ಅಜಪತಿನರಸಯ್ಯ,
  17. ಕೆಂಚಸೋಮಣ್ಣವೊಡೆಯ,
  18. ಸೋಮರಸ,
  19. ತಿಪ್ಪ ಸೋಮರಸ,
  20. ಕೆಂಚಸೋಮಣ್ಣ,
  21. ತಿಮ್ಮಪ್ಪನಾಯಕ,
  22. ತ್ರಿಯಂಬಕರಸ,
  23. ಧನಂಜಯ,
  24. ರಾಮವೊಡೆಯರು,
  25. ಇಮ್ಮಡಿ ಭೈರರಸ ಒಡೆಯ,
  26. ಅರುಹತಿಮ್ಮಣ್ಣನಾಯಕ,
  27. ಮಲ್ಲರಸ,
  28. ಬಾಗೂರುಮಾರಯ್ಯ,
  29. ಕಂಪ ಒಡೆಯ ದಣ್ಣಾಯಕ,
  30. ಸೋಮಣ್ಣ ಒಡೆಯ,
  31. ನಂಜಯ್ಯ,
  32. ತಿಮ್ಮರಾಜ,
  33. ವೀರನರಸಿಂಹನಾಯಕ,
  34. ಸಂಕಣ್ಣನಾಯಕ,
  35. ದೀಕ್ಷಿತಯ್ಯ,
  36. ಪೆದ್ದಿನಾಯಕ

ಮುಂತಾದವರು.

ಪೂರ್ವದ ಹಳಗನ್ನಡದ ಕಾಲದಿಂದ ಈಗಿನವರೆಗೆ ಬೇರೆ ಬೇರೆ ಕಾಲಘಟ್ಟಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಕನ್ನಡಿಗರ ಜನಸಂಖ್ಯೆ ಎಷ್ಟು ಎಷ್ಟು ಇದ್ದಿರಬಹುದು?

 ಈಗಿನ ಮಟ್ಟಿಗೆ (2023) ಭಾರತದ ಜನಸಂಖ್ಯೆ 143 ಕೋಟಿ. ಅದರಲ್ಲಿ ಕರ್ನಾಟಕದ ಜನಸಂಖ್ಯೆ 6.8 ಕೋಟಿ ಮತ್ತು ಕನ್ನಡಿಗರ (ಮಾತೃಭಾಷೆ ಆಗಿರುವ + ಮಾತನಾಡಬಲ್ಲ) ಜನಸಂಖ್ಯೆ 600 ಲಕ್ಷ.

ಕನ್ನಡ ಭಾಷೆಗೆ ಸುಮಾರು 2500 ಸಾವಿರ ವರ್ಷಗಳ ಇತಿಹಾಸವಿದೆ. ಪ್ರಾರಂಭದಲ್ಲಿ ಕನ್ನಡಿಗರ ಜನಸಂಖ್ಯೆ ಎಷ್ಟು ಇದ್ದಿರಬಹುದು ಎಂದು ನಾನು ಅನೇಕ ಸಾರಿ ಯೋಚಿಸುತ್ತಿದ್ದೆ. ಈಗಿನ ಭಾರತದ ಜನಸಂಖ್ಯೆಯ ಎಷ್ಟು ಪ್ರತಿಶತ ಕನ್ನಡಿಗರು ಇದ್ದಾರೋ ಅದೇ ಪ್ರಮಾಣದಲ್ಲಿ ಚರಿತ್ರೆಯ ಕಾಲದ ಭಾರತದ ಜನಸಂಖ್ಯೆಯ ಆಧಾರದ ಮೇಲೆ ಕನ್ನಡಿಗರ ಸಂಖ್ಯೆಯ ಅಂದಾಜು ಮಾಡಿದೆ.

ಅದರ ಫಲಿತಾಂಶ ಹೀಗಿದೆ:

ವರ್ಷ—ಭಾರತ(ಕೋಟಿ)— ಕನ್ನಡಿಗರು (ಲಕ್ಷ)

————————————————————-

ಕ್ರಿಪೂ5೦೦ — 2.5— 10

ಕ್ರಿಪೂ4೦೦ — 2.8— 12

ಕ್ರಿಪೂ2೦೦ — 3.3— 14

ಕ್ರಿಶ 1 — 4.6 — 19

200 — 4.7 — 20

400 — 4.6 — 19

500 — 4.7 — 20

600 — 4.8 — 20

700 — 5.1 — 21

800 — 5.1 — 21

900 — 5.1 — 21

1000 — 5.2 — 22

1100 — 5.6 — 23

1200 — 6.2 — 26

1300 — 6.7 — 29

1400 — 7.2 — 30

1500 — 7.7 — 32

1600 — 10 — 42

1700 — 13.4 — 56

1800 — 17 — 71

1900 — 24 — 100

1911 — 25.2 — 116

1921 — 25.1 — 115

1931 — 27.9 — 129

1941 — 31.9 — 148

1947 — 36 — 166

1951 — 36.1 — 167

1961 — 43.9 — 203

1971 — 54.8 — 253

1981 — 68.3 — 320

1991 — 84.6 — 388

2001 — 102.9 — 456

2011 — 121.0 — 527

2021 — 139.0 — 583

2023 — 143.0 — 600

----------------------——————-

ಈ ಲೆಕ್ಕಾಚಾರದ ಸಾರಾಂಶ ಏನೆಂದರೆ, ಇತಿಹಾಸದ ಪ್ರಸಿದ್ಧ ಕಾಲಘಟ್ಟಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಕನ್ನಡಿಗರ ಅಂದಾಜು ಜನಸಂಖ್ಯೆ ಹೀಗಿತ್ತು:

ಗೌತಮ ಬುದ್ಧ/ಮಹಾವೀರನ ಕಾಲದಲ್ಲಿ 10 ಲಕ್ಷ,

ಅಶೋಕ ಚಕ್ರವರ್ತಿಯ ಕಾಲದಲ್ಲಿ 14 ಲಕ್ಷ,

ಹಳೆಗನ್ನಡದ ಕಾಲದಲ್ಲಿ 20–25 ಲಕ್ಷ,

ಕದಂಬರು/ಗಂಗರು/ಬಾದಾಮಿ ಚಾಲುಕ್ಯರು/ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರಕೂಟರ ಕಾಲದಲ್ಲಿ 20–22 ಲಕ್ಷ,

ಕಲ್ಯಾಣ ಚಾಲುಕ್ಯರ ಕಾಲದಲ್ಲಿ 22–26 ಲಕ್ಷ,

ತಾಳಗುಂದ/ಹಲ್ಮಿಡಿ ಶಾಸನದ ಕಾಲದಲ್ಲಿ 20 ಲಕ್ಷ,

ಶ್ಯಾಮಕುಂದಾಚಾರ್ಯರ ಕಾಲದಲ್ಲಿ 20 ಲಕ್ಷ,

ಆದಿಕವಿ ಪಂಪನ ಕಾಲದಲ್ಲಿ 20 ಲಕ್ಷ,

ಕಾಳಿದಾಸನ ಕಾಲದಲ್ಲಿ 20 ಲಕ್ಷ,

ಇಮ್ಮಡಿ ಪುಲಿಕೇಶಿ ಕಾಲದಲ್ಲಿ 20 ಲಕ್ಷ,

ಶಂಕರಾಚಾರ್ಯರ ಕಾಲದಲ್ಲಿ 21 ಲಕ್ಷ,

ಚಾವುಂಡರಾಯನ ಕಾಲದಲ್ಲಿ 22 ಲಕ್ಷ,

ರಾಮಾನುಜಾಚಾರ್ಯರ ಕಾಲದಲ್ಲಿ 24 ಲಕ್ಷ,

ವಿಷ್ಣುವರ್ಧನನ ಕಾಲದಲ್ಲಿ 24 ಲಕ್ಷ,

ನಡುಗನ್ನಡದ ಕಾಲದಲ್ಲಿ 25–90 ಲಕ್ಷ,

ಬಸವಣ್ಣನವರ ಕಾಲದಲ್ಲಿ 25 ಲಕ್ಷ,

ಹರಿಹರನ ಕಾಲದಲ್ಲಿ 25 ಲಕ್ಷ,

ಕೊಂಕಣಿಗರು ಕರ್ನಾಟಕಕ್ಕೆ ಬಂದಾಗ 25 ಲಕ್ಷ,

ಮಧ್ವಾಚಾರ್ಯರ ಕಾಲದಲ್ಲಿ 30 ಲಕ್ಷ,

ಹಕ್ಕಬುಕ್ಕರ ಕಾಲದಲ್ಲಿ 30 ಲಕ್ಷ,

ಯದುರಾಯ ಒಡೆಯರ್ ಕಾಲದಲ್ಲಿ 30 ಲಕ್ಷ,

ಕೃಷ್ಣದೇವರಾಯನ ಕಾಲದಲ್ಲಿ 32 ಲಕ್ಷ,

ವಾಸ್ಕೋ ಡಗಾಮ ಕಾಲದಲ್ಲಿ 32 ಲಕ್ಷ,

ಗುರುನಾನಕ್ ಬೀದರಿಗೆ ಬಂದಾಗ 32 ಲಕ್ಷ,

ಪುರಂದರ/ಕನಕದಾಸರ ಕಾಲದಲ್ಲಿ 35 ಲಕ್ಷ,

ಅಕ್ಬರ್ ಕಾಲದಲ್ಲಿ 42 ಲಕ್ಷ,

ಈಸ್ಟ್ ಇಂಡಿಯಾ ಕಂಪನಿ ಬಂದಾಗ 42 ಲಕ್ಷ,

ಶಿವಾಜಿ ಕಾಲದಲ್ಲಿ 55 ಲಕ್ಷ,

ಟಿಪ್ಪು ಕಾಲದಲ್ಲಿ 70 ಲಕ್ಷ,

ಕನ್ನಡದ ಮೊದಲ ಪುಸ್ತಕ (A grammar of the Kurnata language) ಮುದ್ರಣಗೊಂಡಾಗ 75 ಲಕ್ಷ,

ಕಿತ್ತೂರು ಚೆನ್ನಮ್ಮನ ಕಾಲದಲ್ಲಿ 75 ಲಕ್ಷ,

ಮುಮ್ಮಡಿ ಕೃಷ್ಣರಾಜ ಒಡೆಯರ್ ಕಾಲದಲ್ಲಿ 90 ಲಕ್ಷ,

ಕಿಟ್ಟೆಲ್ ನಿಘಂಟು ಮುದ್ರಣಗೊಂಡಾಗ 98 ಲಕ್ಷ,

ಪ್ಲೇಗ್ ಕಾಲದಲ್ಲಿ 100 ಲಕ್ಷ,

ಕನ್ನಡದ ಮೊದಲ ಪತ್ರಿಕೆ (ಮಂಗಳೂರ ಸಮಾಚಾರ) ಪ್ರಾರಂಭದಲ್ಲಿ 100 ಲಕ್ಷ,

ಕನ್ನಂಬಾಡಿ ಕಟ್ಟೆ ಕಟ್ಟಿದ ಕಾಲದಲ್ಲಿ 130 ಲಕ್ಷ,

ಹಾಗೂ

ನಾಲ್ವಡಿ ಕೃಷ್ಣರಾಜ ಒಡೆಯರ್ ಕಾಲದಲ್ಲಿ 140 ಲಕ್ಷ ಇತ್ತು.


920 ನೇ ಇಸವಿಯ ವಡ್ಡಾರಾಧನೆ ಲಭ್ಯವಿರುವ ಕನ್ನಡದ ಗ್ರಂಥಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಮೊದಲನೆಯದು. ಆದರೆ ಏಳನೇ ಶತಮಾನದಲ್ಲಿ ಶ್ಯಾಮಕುಂದಾಚಾರ್ಯರು ಪ್ರಾಕೃತ, ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತ ಮತ್ತು ಕನ್ನಡದಲ್ಲಿ ಗ್ರಂಥಗಳನ್ನು ರಚಿಸಿದುದರ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ದಾಖಲೆಯಿದೆ, ಆದರೆ ಗ್ರಂಥಗಳು ಲಭ್ಯವಿಲ್ಲ!


This Day in History

  January Date History 4 1972 –  Willy Wonka’s trademark was registered. 6 1925 –  George Washington Carver was granted patent – US1522176 f...