SANTOSH 9702: indian

Showing posts with label indian. Show all posts

Friday, April 10, 2026

What is India’s longest railway station name?

India's longest railway station name is Puratchi Thalaivar Dr. M.G. Ramachandran Central Railway Station in Chennai, formerly known as Chennai Central, which has 57 letters.

It was implemented in 2019 year, in honour of the former Chief Minister M.G. Ramachandran..

Short form it is called as MGR Chennai Central

Previously it was Venkatanarasimharajuvaripeta Railway Station in Andhra Pradesh which has 28 letters

This spot lies between Renigunta (Tirupati) and Arakkonam Line.

This station name can be read by splitting it as Venkata+Narasimha+Rajuvaripeta

Every Indian and history books talk about Jodha Akbar’s love story, but why don’t they discuss the stories of Chandragupta Maurya and Helena? Was Akbar love real or just merely lust?

Akbar and Maryam Uz Zamani Begum

Akbar was the Padishah of Mughal Empire and he did not have any love story with anyone and certainly not any fictional lady named Jodha Bai.

Jodha Bai is a misnomer in James Tod’s book because he confused his daughter in law and wife of Salim, Jagat Gosain who was Princess of Jodhpur as Maryam Uz Zamani, wife of Akbar. His sources were mostly court gossips and laymen information and therefore he got confused and made a fictional Jodha Bai.

No authentic history book written by historians calls Akbar’s marriage to Princess of Amber , Maryam Uz Zamani Begum (original name alleged to be Harka Bai or Heer Kunwari) to be a Romantic Saga but a strict strategic alliance in which she was given as wife to Akbar in immense pressure and very unwillingly by the Raja. Her own feelings are not known but surely she accepted her fate as she was a princess and her first duty was to save her house and her people. In Mughal Sources she is mentioned as loyal, chaste and moralistic woman. She did trade and could issue certain farmans dealing with charities.

Akbar had other wives and many concubines and their names are even mentioned in Mughal sources. Ruqayah Sultan Begum and Salima Sultan Begum who were his cousins were his pure blooded Mughal Wives and were respected in his Harem and by the Emperor.

Sandrocottus and Seleucid Princess

The information on Sandrocottus's Seleucid wife is very vague. Little to no information are available on her or their relationship. She was a peace treaty where Seleucus sent her in Antahpura of Sandrocottus to be his wife. It's not known who initiated marital alliance in the Treaty but it was Seleucus who was on the defeating side.

The Seleucid Princess’ name was not Helena. None of the sources mentions any of the daughters of Seleucus and Apama being called Helena. And no authentic history books glorify this so called love story because no sources of any love story are available. Chandragupta is not known to be a romantic king. Even in Parishisth Parvan, it's daughter of Nanda who fell in love with him at first sight while he was busy trying to consolidate his gains and deal with Parvatak. He even rejected the princess simply because when she put her foot on his chariot, it broke.

Both Emperors were not lover boys and Sandrocottus was an extremely smart and educated man and very, very disciplined man because of his strong military career and moralistic upbringing in Taxila University.
Megasthenes praises Sandrocottus as a very conscientious King who spent his entire day in the court listening to the problems of his people.
Meanwhile, Akbar was just a typical Mughal Emperor, it's just that his officers were really talented and Akbar as an individual could command loyalty.

Thursday, April 9, 2026

How many states of India have metro train?

There are 11 states/union territory, metro trains operational in India

1.Delhi

2. Rajasthan:-Jaipur

3. Gujarat:-Ahmedabad

4. Maharashtra:-Mumbai and Navi Mumbai, Pune, Nagpur

5. Karnataka:-Bangalore

6. Kerala:-Kochi

7. Tamilnadu:-Chennai

8. Telangana:-Hyderabad

9. Haryana:-Gurgaon, Faridabad

Part of Delhi NCR metro route.

10, Uttar Pradesh:-Noida, Ghaziabad, Meerut, Agra, Kanpur and Lucknow,

11. West Bengal:-Kolkata

Also a part of Indian Railways, the 17th zonal railway of Indian Railways in 2010.

While Other states have Metro projects, many are still undergoing construction or planned or extending several line in existing metro cities.

Among the mentioned metro route, Delhi Metro has the longest metro network in India around 390 km by covering whole city

Then Bangalore Metro in South India, covers 96 km

Currently Bangalore Metro new lines construction going on Expanding towards North Side and Near IT Hub ORR Ring road, if that project completes then Bangalore Metro is the 2nd longest metro network in South India.

What are some scenes in Indian movies that show lack of creativity?

Okay, there are several scenes that come to my mind. Let me pen down a few here.

Scene One:

Heroine doing charity which makes the hero fall in love with heroine:

If the director is not able to think of a proper reason to make hero and heroine fall in love with each other, then there is one millennia old trick to overcome it.

Heroine does some charity or social service.
Hero coincidentally witnesses it, yeah trust me, by pure coincidence hero arrives there and witnesses the social service done by heroine.
Hero smiles, which shows that he has fallen in love with the heroine.

I can remember several scenes in which the same scene appears.

Ghajini:

Sura:

In this movie, Heroine (Tamanna) witnesses Hero (Vijay na) doing charity and social service.

Just help the kAsHtApAdRa people to fall in love.

Am I still single because I seldom do social service? Or why, no one witnesses me doing charity?

Scene Two:

Heroine has no role to play in the movie? No problem, just keep a scene where heroine consoles (or motivates) the hero.

Hundred examples can be shown. A few for you.

Anushka motivating Surya in Singham 1

Velaikaran: This scene from velaikaran movie is worse. At least, in Singham, the heroine got a bunch of dialogue to motivate the demotivated hero.

But, in Velaikaran, the hero Sivakarthikeyan na just vents out his grief to the heroine. She simply listens, utters no word and just holds his hands when he completes his sad story.

Scene 3:

Villain who is super-powerful in the beginning of the movie, but doesn’t even have a shaving razor to defend him in the end.

This is the main concept in a lot of movies. Don’t be surprised if the villain is identified as the most powerful person in the continent, in the start of the movie. At the end, he won’t even have a small shaving razor to defend himself from hero.

Pokkiri:

Scene 4:

Heroine gets captured by the villain. Hero fights to release her.

The scene can be dated back to Ramayana or Iliad which were written a couple of thousand years ago. But this scene can still be scene in movies.

Even a foetus inside mother's womb knows that the scene would end up with hero saving the heroine. But still, you have to wait until those stunt scenes are over.

Anjaan:

Vivegam:

These were some scenes that I could immediately remember. Almost all of these were from Tamil movies which I mostly see. Yes guys, I'm used to all this crap.

Image sources: YouTube.

I don't own the pictures in the answer. They are owned by the producers of the movies. Not something very proud to own.

Wednesday, April 8, 2026

Was the Indian continent part of Madagascar?

After ripping away from Madagascar, the Indian plate sprinted across the ocean at 20 centimeters per year—an absolute speed record for tectonic plates.

To understand how they separated, it helps to look back about 200 million years to the supercontinent Gondwana. This colossal landmass contained what is today Africa, South America, Antarctica, Australia, the Indian subcontinent, and Madagascar. As tectonic forces began pulling Gondwana apart, it did not shatter all at once. It broke into massive fragments in a sequence of geological separation.

First, the western half of Gondwana (Africa and South America) split away. Later, Antarctica and Australia drifted off. What remained was a conjoined island landmass consisting largely of India, Madagascar, and the Seychelles. For tens of millions of years, this isolated block harbored a shared ecosystem. Paleontologists have discovered strikingly similar fossils in both regions from this period, including related species of large abelisaurid dinosaurs, proving the two landmasses shared a contiguous environment.

The final breakup between India and Madagascar occurred roughly 88 to 90 million years ago during the Late Cretaceous period. Intense volcanic activity from a mantle plume—specifically the Marion hotspot—weakened the crust connecting them. A colossal rift formed, eventually filling with the waters of the young Indian Ocean.

Once free, India's relentless northward journey ended when it violently collided with the Eurasian plate, crumpling the Earth’s crust and thrusting the Himalayas into the sky.

Madagascar, meanwhile, barely moved. It remained anchored near the African coast, where tens of millions of years of profound isolation allowed it to develop a completely unique, heavily forested ecosystem. Today, examining the rock strata on the eastern coast of Madagascar and the western coast of India reveals a perfect geological jigsaw puzzle, a permanent footprint of the era when these two vastly different places were joined together.

What are the different types of trains in India?

In Indian Railways, trains are classified into Passenger (Coach) and Goods (Freight) under Indian Railways.

There are around 40 different types of passenger trains.

⭐ Recently Introduced Trains:-

1.Vande Bharat Express (AC Chair Car)

2.Vande Bharat Sleeper Express

3. Amrit Bharat Express

(Push Pull Operation)

4. Namo Bharat (Rapid Rail)

⭐Premium AC Sleeper Trains:-

5. Rajdhani and Tejas Rajdhani Express

6. Duronto Express

7. Humsafar Express

8. Garib Rath Express

9. Yuva Express

10. AC Superfast and Ac Express

⭐Non AC Premium Train

11. Mahamana Express

12. Antyodaya Express

13. Jan Sadharan Express

⭐Day time trains :-

14. Shatabdi And Jan Shatabdi Express

Shatabdi is a fully AC Premium Chair Car Service Train whereas Jan Shatabdi Express offers Non AC second sitting coach (2s) and Ac Chair Car

15. Gatimaan Express

16. Tejas Express

17. AC Double Decker And UDAY Express

UDAY:-Utkrisht, Double Decker Air Conditioned Yatri Express

18. Intercity Express

19. Deccan Queen Express

Famous Intercity Train between Mumbai and Pune

20. Non AC Double Decker Train

Both Mumbai Central- Surat Flying Ranee Express And Mumbai Central Valsad Fast Passenger trains used to run with Non AC Double Decker and Second Sitting coach (2S) and Ac Chair Car, one of the rare combination train in India,