In India, a governor is the constitutional head of each of the twenty-nine states. The governor is appointed by the President of India for a term of five years, and holds office at the President's pleasure. The governor is de jure head of the state government; all its executive actions are taken in the governor's name. However, the governor must act on the advice of the popularly elected council of ministers, headed by the chief minister, who thus hold de facto executive authority at the state-level. The Constitution of India also empowers the governor to act upon his or her own discretion, such as the ability to appoint or dismiss a ministry, recommend President's rule, or reserve bills for the President's assent. Over the years, the exercise of these discretionary powers have given rise to conflict between the elected chief minister and the central government–appointed governor. The union territories of Andaman and Nicobar, Delhi and Puducherry are headed by lieutenant-governors.
Sarojini Naidu was the first female to become the governor of an Indian state. She governed Uttar Pradesh from 15 August 1947 to 2 March 1949. Her daughter, Padmaja Naidu, is the longest-serving governor with 11-year tenure in West Bengal. Baby Rani Maurya was recently appointed as the second female governor of Uttarakhand.
Governors
incumbent governor
Name | From | To | Term length | State | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sarojini Naidu | 15 August 1947 | 2 March 1949 | 1 year, 199 days | Uttar Pradesh | |
Padmaja Naidu | 3 November 1956 | 31 May 1967 | 10 years, 209 days | West Bengal | |
Vijayalakshmi Pandit | 28 November 1962 | 18 October 1964 | 1 year, 325 days | Maharashtra | |
Sharda Mukherjee | 5 May 1977 | 14 August 1978 | 1 year, 101 days | Andhra Pradesh | |
Jyothi Venkatachalam | 14 October 1977 | 27 October 1982 | 5 years, 13 days | Kerala | |
Sharda Mukherjee | 14 August 1978 | 5 August 1983 | 4 years, 356 days | Gujarat | |
Kumudben Manishankar Joshi | 26 November 1985 | 2 February 1990 | 4 years, 68 days | Andhra Pradesh | |
Ram Dulari Sinha | 23 February 1988 | 12 February 1990 | 1 year, 354 days | Kerala | |
Sarla Grewal | 31 March 1989 | 5 February 1990 | 311 days | Madhya Pradesh | |
Chandrawati | 19 February 1990 | 18 December 1990 | 302 days | Puducherry | |
Rajendra Kumari Bajpai | 2 May 1995 | 22 April 1998 | 2 years, 355 days | Puducherry | |
Sheila Kaul | 17 November 1995 | 23 April 1996 | 158 days | Himachal Pradesh | |
Fathima Beevi | 25 January 1997 | 1 July 2001 | 4 years, 157 days | Tamil Nadu | |
V. S. Ramadevi | 26 July 1997 | 1 December 1999 | 2 years, 128 days | Himachal Pradesh | |
Rajani Rai | 23 April 1998 | 29 July 2002 | 4 years, 97 days | Puducherry | |
V. S. Ramadevi | 2 December 1999 | 20 August 2002 | 2 years, 261 days | Karnataka | |
Pratibha Patil | 8 November 2004 | 23 June 2007 | 2 years, 227 days | Rajasthan | |
Prabha Rau | 19 July 2008 | 24 January 2010 | 1 year, 189 days | Himachal Pradesh | |
Margaret Alva | 6 August 2009 | 14 May 2012 | 2 years, 262 days | Uttarakhand | |
Kamla Beniwal | 27 November 2009 | 6 July 2014 | 4 years, 221 days | Gujarat | |
Prabha Rau | 25 January 2010 | 26 April 2010 | 91 days | Rajasthan | |
Urmila Singh | 25 January 2010 | 27 January 2015 | 5 years, 2 days | Himachal Pradesh | |
Margaret Alva | 12 May 2012 | 7 August 2014 | 2 years, 87 days | Rajasthan | |
Sheila Dikshit | 11 March 2014 | 25 August 2014 | 167 days | Kerala | |
Kamla Beniwal | 6 July 2014 | 6 August 2014 | 31 days | Mizoram | |
Mridula Sinha * | 31 August 2014 | Incumbent | 4 years, 288 days | Goa | |
Draupadi Murmu * | 18 May 2015 | Incumbent | 4 years, 28 days | Jharkhand | |
Kiran Bedi * | 29 May 2016 | Incumbent | 3 years, 17 days | Puducherry | |
Najma Heptulla * | 21 August 2016 | Incumbent | 2 years, 298 days | Manipur | |
Anandiben Patel * | 23 January 2018 | Incumbent | 1 year, 143 days | Madhya Pradesh | |
Baby Rani Maurya * | 26 August 2018 | Incumbent | 293 days | Uttarakhand |