How did Prithviraj meet his other wives? How did they all live together?

Icchini Panwar (with her sword), Daughter of Salakha Rai

Icchini was Parmar Princess of Mount Abu. According to Prithviraja Raso, she was daughter of Salakha Rai and her sister Mandodari was married to Bhola Bhim. However, Bhimdev fell in love with Icchini and threatened Salakha to surrender her to him or face grave consequences. Her brother Jaitsi refused this marriage offer and married Icchini off to Prithviraja Chauhan as per previous plan. Bhimdev got angry and attacked Abu and in it her whole family died which later led to many skirmishes between Prithviraj and Bhimdev. History suggests Prithviraj wasn't successful in his campaign against Chalukyas unlike what Raso says.

Icchini became his Chief Queen and was mother of his sons (the number is not mentioned in Raso). Pritha, Prithviraj’s sister preferred to stay in her palace whenever she visited from Chittor.

Icchini Panwar as a warrior

It's alleged that she was mother of Govindraja as well. She was a warrior princess and it's alleged that when she got to know her husband was captured, she went in the battlefield to rescue him but got martyred.

Icchini had the title of Patrani and Kanha Chauhan called her Gauri for Shiv like Prithviraj. She was his second wife by chronology but held the highest place among all his queens.

Daughter of Nahar Rai Parihar, King of Mandowar

The princess of Mandowar who was daughter of Raja Nahar Rai was the first wife of Prithviraja Chauhan. He was of tender age of eleven years old when he (most likely his warriors) fought against Nahar Rai because he backed off from his promise to marry off his daughter to Prithviraj and called Chauhan clan not equal to Parihar (Pratihar). This angered Prithviraj and when Nahar Rai was defeated, he accepted Vassalage of Ajmer and married off his daughter to Prithviraj Chauhan.

Pundhirni

The daughter of Chandra Pundhir was very beautiful and Prithviraj fell in love with her beauty. He proposed marriage to her father and he gladly agreed for the alliance. Pundhirni and Prithviraj got married with no obstacles in their marriage.

Dahimi

The daughter of Dahim Rai and sister of Chamund Rai Dahima was another wife of Prithviraja Chauhan. Some versions of Raso calls Pundhirni and Dahimi as one woman.

Dahimi was mother of Kunwar Rainsi who was made Crown Prince of Delhi by advice of Rawal Samar Singh (brother in law of Prithviraja Chauhan in Raso) and other Samantas. Rainsi died fighting against Ghurids after he tried to take revenge of the brutal death of his father. His family did Jauhar.

Padmavati

The princess of Samudrashikhar Garh and daughter of Kunwar Padmasena fell in love with Prithviraj Chauhan but she was promised to Raja Kumodmani of Kumaon. She sent a letter to Prithviraja Chauhan and he came to take her. He took her from a temple where she went to pray and Prithviraj took her. The army went after them but Prithviraj defeated them. The story of sending letter to Prithviraja comes in Padmavati’s story not Sanyogita.

Shashivrata

Shashivrata was princess of Yadavas of Devagiri and she fell in love with Prithviraj Chauhan and vice versa when a dancer went to the palace of Prithviraja and described him the beauty of Shashivrata. He came to Devagiri and took Shashivrata away from the temple of Lord Shiva as she wished. Her fiance (Virchandra or Jaichanda or Kamdhwaj, the story has discrepancy of who exactly was her fiance) and her army fought Prithviraj but they escaped successfully.

Indravati

Daughter of Bhim Parmar of Ujjain was betrothed to Prithviraja Chauhan but he went to help his brother in law in a war and sent Panjjun Rai with his sword to get married to Prithviraj's sword. At first her father felt insulted and rejected the alliance but after skirmishes and the king understanding it would bring no good to him, Indravati was married to Prithviraj's sword and she became wife of Prithviraja Chauhan.

Princess of Kangra

Prithviraj had fought with Kingdom of Kangra with its ruler, Raja Bhan Bhoti. After he defeated him, the Raja married off his beautiful daughter to Prithviraj Chauhan.

Hansavati

Hansavati was princess of Ranthambore and daughter of Raja Bhanu Rai. Panchaeen, King of Chanderi wanted to marry her because he fell in love with her but her father wanted a better match for her. Panchaneen attacked him and he called Prithviraj for help. Prithviraj along with his brother in law Samar Singh came to his aid and defeated Panchaeen. The King became really happy and he married off Hansavati to Prithviraja.

After Hariraj defeated Govindraja (allegedly his mother was Icchini Panwar), he fled to Ranthambore and established separate line of Chauhan rulers in the region.

Sanyogita

Daughter of Jaichand and Princess of Kannauj named Sanyogita was the last wife of Prithviraja Chauhan. She fell in love with him and eloped with him from her palace near Ganges river where she was on House arrest because she refused to do her Swayamvar and garlanded the statue of Prithviraj. He became obsessed with her due to which his main queen Icchini almost left him and only stayed because he begged her. Sanyogita was his most favourite and like an obsession. Chandra Bardai criticized the relationship and Samar Singh told Pritha that the way Prithviraj was behaving, it would lead to Ghurids capturing Delhi. Gururam said she was the cause of destruction of Prithviraj and death of his most capable officers.

When she heard Prithviraj was captured, she died instantly and Pritha led the Jauhar with other queens.

Source- Prithviraja Raso (Largest version), Raso is an interpolated source

There are mention of other wives like Kurambhi, Bangujjari etc. It's mentioned that Icchini was above every queen but when Sanyogita came he spent day and night with her and this led to massive jealousy in every queen.

Sanyogita was very respectful to all his queens and even gave them a grand feast. Icchini faked friendship with Sanyogita to get to know about the love life of her with Prithviraj.

The queens had jealousy with each other but due to the constant threat of Ghurids, they didn't have time to do any kitchen politics so the queens mostly stayed united because they were constantly under pressure to save their honour.

Dahimi’s son Rainsi was the Crown Prince but no queen objected it because the danger looming above them was so great, they needed to stay united at that time.

Prithviraj might have had married for political alliances and all these love stories and calling him to get them looks like poetic creative liberty. Prithviraj didn't have time for love life because since his childhood, he was busy in wars. Prithviraj was busy in capturing Tabarhind after first Battle of Tarain so it's highly unlikely he would attack Kannauj that too to get a princess. It's very unrealistic and does not go with the personality of Prithviraj Chauhan. Chronology of Raso also doesn't match with history as it makes Bhimdev and Samar Singh as contemporary of Prithviraj Chauhan.

What are some interesting facts about Bollywood actor Mac Mohan?

 He is the man responsible for one of the most unfair decisions in the National Films Awards in 2001.

Macmohan whose real name is Mohan Mackinjany, is the maternal uncle of actress Raveena Tandon. After his film career was almost over, Macmohan became close the ruling BJP in late 90’s. Raveena Tandon had campaigned for the BJP candidates during the local elections in 2000. BJP appointed Vaijayanti Mala Bali who was a member of BJP as the head of jury for 2000 National films wards that were announced in 2001. Macmohan actively rallied for his niece Raveena Tandon to win the National award for Daman, a film which was critically panned and commercially a disaster. Macmohan was part of the jury even though article 21A of the regulation says that the actors nominated for the awards should not be a relative of the Jury members.

When the jury watched the film they rejected it in the first round. But due to the influence of Macmohan and the work of Raveena for the party, she was given the National award above Tabu for Astitva and Karishma Kapoor for Fiza and Zubeida.

What are the most interesting facts about human behavior?

 

1. Want some attention? Stop chasing that person and start ignoring them. They'll shower you with attention.

2. Want to get someone to confess something? Stop talking and stare at them, and they'll do what they need to.

3. Evaluate someone's words simply by looking into their eyes. Especially when they're telling a lie, they'll tend to look away from you and smile more often than necessary.

4. Intelligent people tend to have fewer friends.

5. Look at his feet while you're talking. If they're not pointing at you, he's probably not interested in what you're saying.

6. Are you sad? You can trick your mind into pretending to smile, and in no time, you might actually be smiling.

7. Your body language changes with the person you're talking to. Your body language tends to be relaxed and fluid when you're talking to someone you like, while it tends to be stiff if it's someone you're not very fond of.

8. You can sustain that high level of concentration for no more than 10 minutes.

9. Talk to yourself online daily about what you want to do or become. You might see it come true.

10. Your brain has much more potential than you think. Never give up on your dreams.

What are some amazing facts about Switzerland?

 

• Nearly half of marriages in Switzerland end in divorce.

• If there is a nuclear war, Switzerland has enough bunkers to house its entire population.

• To apply for Swiss citizenship, you must have lived in Switzerland for at least 12 years.

• Switzerland is the world's largest chocolate producer.

• Switzerland was originally called Helvetia.

• Swiss chocolate makers Henri 'Nestle' and 'Daniel Peter' were the first to create milk chocolate.

• Teaching is one of the highest paid professions in Switzerland

• Most of the world's luxury watches are manufactured in Switzerland such as Tissot, TAG Heuer, Rolex and Patek Philippe.

• Snowboarding, skiing and mountaineering are popular sports in Switzerland.

• Assisted suicide is legal in Switzerland (translator's note: assistance is usually from a doctor or medical professional, under certain conditions)

Why are meter gauges and narrow gauges converted to broad gauge?

 In Indian Railways, Meter gauge and narrow gauge tracks are converted to broad gauge mainly because to speed up existing trains, modernization, upgrading, operational cost reason

The following reasons are

1. railways main goal is to increase the train speed and upgrade Old track into new tracks, by upgrading into broad gauges, trains can run upto 100–110 kmph, it will support higher speed in broad gauge (1,676 mm) than a meter and narrow gauge

Smoother goods transportation.

Imagine, in 2026 if all trains tracks were Meter gauge, then Indian railways won't be able to run high speeds trains like Vande Bharat Express and Amrit Bharat Express as a part of semi-high speed technology

2. To Avoid multiple track gauge at several stations, Converting to broad gauge allows trains to run seamlessly across routes without the need for changing trains for passengers or goods needing to change gauge changing station

Example:- Kalka Railway Station where broad gauge and narrow gauges meets

3. To reduce operational cost, maintaining multiple track requires special maintenance, checkup which is hectic for track workers, requires separate locomotives, coaches, workshops, inspection and spare parts.

By maintaining only broad gauge tracks reduce these cost.

4. Fuel Efficiency is also reason, by eliminating Diesel locos in meter & narrow gauge, Indian railways able to run electric locos high speed by upgrading into broad gauge task,

As part of 100% electrification, project, in meter gauge and narrow gauge is not practical, inefficient, so broad gauge tracks support over all

5. Now Indian railways shifting to LHB coaches which is much safer than ICF, Meter Gauge trains, so wider tracks provide better stability especially at higher speeds, Meter Gauge trains having speed limit, very slow.

However not all meter gauge and narrow gauges tracks meant to be phased out, they will be preserved for tourism purpose historical, and

Meter gauge trains still operational especially Gir forest route Veravel-Delvada

about Narrow Gauge trains, converting into broad gauge from Narrow Gauge is very difficult due to extreme ghat section up and down gradient, less space for electrification and emotional feelings for Railfans community and passenger association

So as a memory, they will be preserved,

Some of these narrow-gauge railway routes have been recognized as UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

Example routes:-

1. Darjeeling Toy Train
2. Kalka-Shimla Route
3. Neral-Matheran Route
4. Nilgiri route (Tamilnadu)

What are the divisions in the Indian Railways?

 As of now there are 74 Railway division including New railway zone South Coast Railway Zone which is split into 4 Railway division

Newly created zone - division Under South Coast Railway , Andhra Pradesh (4):- Guntakal, Guntur, Vijayawada and Visakhapatnam

⭐Zonal state wise Railway Division:

a) Central Railways, Maharashtra (5) :- Mumbai CR, Pune, Nagpur CR Bhusawal, Solapur

b) Eastern Railways division, West Bengal (4):- Howrah, Sealdah, Malda and Asansol

c) East Central Railway Division to Bihar, Uttar Pradesh and Jharkhand (5) :-

Danapur, Samastipur Sonpur, Pt. Deen Dayal Upadhyaya and Dhanbad

d) East Coast Railway Division, Odisha and Andhra Pradesh (3) :-

Khurda Road division (New Bhubaneswar), Sambalpur and Waltair

e) Konkan Division, Goa and Karnataka (1) :- Karwar

f) Northern Railways Division, Delhi, Haryana, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh and Union Territory Jammu & Kashmir (6):-

Delhi, Ambala, Firozpur, Moradabad, Lucknow and Firozpur

g) North Central Railway Division, Uttar Pradesh (3) :- Prayagraj, Agra, Jhansi

h) North Eastern Railway Division, Uttar Pradesh (3):- Lucknow, Izzatnagar, Varanasi

i) North East Frontier Railway division, Bihar, West Bengal and North Eastern 7 states (5):-

Katihar, Alipurduar, Tinsukia, Rangiya Lumding

j) North Western Railway, division, Rajasthan (4):-

Jaipur, Ajmer Bikaner and Jodhpur

k) South Central Railways Divisions, Telangana (2):- Secunderabad, Hyderabad

l) South Eastern Railway Division, Jharkhand and West Bengal (4):-

Ranchi, Adra, Kharagpur, Chakradharpur

m) South East Central Railway Division, Maharashtra and Chattisgarh (3):-

Nagpur SECR, Raipur and Bilaspur

n) Southern Railway, Tamilnadu and Kerala (6) :- Chennai Salem Trichy, Madurai, Thiruvanthapuram, and Palakkad

o) South Western Railway Division in Karnataka (3):- Bengaluru, Mysore and Hubli

p) Western Railways Division, Maharashtra, Gujarat, and Madhya Pradesh (6):-

Mumbai WR, Ahmedabad, Vadodara, Rajkot, Bhavnagar, Ratlam

q) West Central Railway Division, Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan (3):-

Jabalpur Bhopal and Kota

•Conclusion:-

Kolkata Metro Railway Zone does not have its division, rather it's a independent railway and is not subdivided into any smaller railway divisions. 19th zone.

Uttarakhand state is covered by both Northern and North Eastern Railway Divisions

Himachal Pradesh Railway Division is controlled by Ambala Division of Northern Railways

Chandigarh Being a capital city of Punjab and Haryana and also Union Territory is covered by Ambala Division of Northern Railways

Pondicherry Railway network, being a union territory Pondicherry and Karaikal is covered by Tiruchirapalli Division and Mahe Railway Station is covered by Palakkad Division of Southern Railways.

After a Heartbreaking Love affair with Shatrughan Sinha, Actress married a famous Pakistani Cricketer.

 

Born 1957 to a Hindu father and Bangali mother, Reena Roy always wanted to become an actress. She worked in various low budget films. But 1976 Reena Roy was just 19 year old, when she gave her first bollywood hit opposite Shatrughan Sinha, with the movie, Kalicharan.

Reena Roy's several hit films

Kalicharan movie marked beginning of Reena's successful bollywood career. Reena became one of the highest paid actresses of Bollywood. She also featured in several notable films like - Nagina, Jaani Dushman, Apnapan, Aasha, Arpan, Asha Jyoti, Naseeb, Sanam Teri Kasam.

Reena Roy's Heartbreaking Love affair with Shatrughan Sinha

Reena Roy's full face and deep eyes won many hearts. Shatrughan Sinha one of them. Shatrughan Sinha who was 11 year older than her, but their closeness turned into love. The two were always seen with each other.

The year 1981 shook Reena in the worst way possible, while everyone was hoping that the lovebirds will tie the knot. But the news of Shatrughan Sinha's wedding with Poonam got spread in the air.

Reena Roy parted ways few year later in 1990s

Soon after breaking up with Shatrughan Sinha, Reena announced her marriage with Pakistani Cricketer, Mohsin Khan. She subsequently shifted to Pakistan. Both are at the peak of their respective careers, when they tied knot. The initial married years were good for the couple. The couple was blessed with a daughter whom they named Jannat (Sanam Khan).

Roy returned to India in 1992 after divorcing Mohsin Khan and made come bake in Hindi cinema with the drama Admi Khilona Hai (1993).

She further acted in supporting roles in films like Ajay(1996), Gair(1999) and Refugee(2000).