Uma is one of the names of Goddess Parvati, the consort of Lord Shiva. There are many meanings of the word Uma, but I will tell you two important meanings of the word Uma.
After Satidevi burnt Herself in the yogic fire in the Daksha Yagya, She was born as the daughter of King Himavanta and Mainadevi. That’s why She is known as Haimavati and Mainaaki. Since, She is the daughter of Parvataraaja Himavanta, She is known as Parvati. She had chosen Lord Shiva as Her husband. She decided to perform penance to please Lord Shiva and sat in penance. Actually, there were three daughters of Himavanta and a son, namely Aparna, Ekaparna, and Paatalaparna, and Mainaaka. Out of these, Aparna is the Parvatidevi, who was doing a fierce penance to please Lord Shiva. Seeing this fierce penance, Mainadevi, the mother of Aparna, came there and said, ‘U MAA!’ which means, ‘O daughter! please don’t do this fierce penance!” Maa in Sanskrit is meant in negation. So, Her name was Uma. After that, the story continued, and finally Lord Shiva came and married Umadevi. So, this was the first meaning.
Second is a spiritual meaning. ‘U’ in Sanskrit means ‘Utkrushta’ or ‘High’ or ‘Profound’. Maa means ‘knowledge’. Since Parvatidevi has Uttama knowledge or Utkrushta knowledge, She is known as Uma. Umadevi does Upadesha to Indra and other devatas. Lord Shiva provides the weaponry and paatha training to Indra and other devatas. This is proved from the story in the Kena Upanishad.
The devatas won against the demons. But they couldn’t conquer the inner enemy, which is arrogance. And in this arrogance, they were boasting a lot. Therefore, Bhagavan Vishnu assumed the form of a Yaksha and came near them. The devatas saw the Yaksha and were like, ‘Who is he?” Indra sent Agni. Agni came to the Yaksha, and before he could ask who he was, the Yaksha himself asked, “Who are you?” Agni boasted about himself that he could burn anything that came in his way. Yaksha chuckled, kept a twig there, and asked Agni to burn that twig. Agni couldn’t burn it and went away. After that, Indra sent Vayu (one of the Marutganas and not Mukhyaprana Vayudeva). Vayu met the same fate as Agni did.
Finally, Indra came there and saw that there was no Yaksha, but a beautiful lady standing. She was none other than Umadevi. The Kena Upanishad explicitly mentions, ‘Haimavathi Uma’, while describing this incident. Umadevi then tells Indra that the Yaksha was none other than Bhagavan Himself who had come to remove the arrogance of the devatas. Indra bowed to Umadevi, and thus the arrogance of the devatas was shattered. This shows that She has Uttama Gyaana about Bhagavan and does Upadesha to the devatas led by Indra.
Thus, She is the Jaganmaata and the presiding deity for speech along with Lakshmidevi and Sarasvatidevi. Where each devata handles each department of the mind, Umadevi handles the whole mind department along with Lord Shiva. She is the presiding deity for fragrance and beauty. At the time of Pralaya, as Lord Shiva, being the Samhaaraka, does Samhaara till the Svarloka, that’s why He is known as Sharva. Umadevi, also in Her Durga roopa, does the Samhaara along with Lord Shiva. That’s why She is also known as Sharvaani.
Worshipping Her, along with Lord Shiva, results in a long and happy married life, which is also known as Deergha Sumangalitva for women and strong familial bonds for the whole family. She, being Annapoorna Devi Herself, removes the hunger of the people, be it the hunger of food or the hunger of knowledge. Since She is golden in color, She is known as Gowry. She is the wife of Bhava (Lord Shiva), that’s why She is known as Bhavaani. Umadevi is thus a great devotee of Bhagavan Vishnu as per the Sattvika Puranas and Upanishads like the Kena Upanishad. Such is the glory of the consort of Lord Shiva, Umadevi!🙏😊
Uma is one of my favorite names of Parvatidevi!😊In this answer, we discussed not only the name Uma, but also other names like Haimavati, Mainaaki, Parvati, Aparna, Umaa, Sharvaani, Annapoorna, Gowry, Bhavaani. Wow! Nine names…😊😁
Hope this helps!
Jay SriRam!
ShriKrishnarpanamastu!
