Saturday, June 21, 2025

Vishnu has 4 arms and holds 4 objects. What are those objects?

 The four objects in the 4 arms of Vishnu are Shankha, Chakra, Gada, Padma or in simplified English equivalents they are Conch, Discus, Mace and lotus.

Now, which arm of Vishnu holds which object? That is an interesting question. The Dwaita philosopher Madhvacharya lists out 24 ways ( i.e. 4X3X2X1) of holding these objects in 4 arms, in his Tantrasara Sangraha. Accordingly, each form (Roopa) holding the objects in a specific way is given a name and worshiped for a specific purpose. These 24 forms (Roopa) are

  1. Keshava : Shankha, Chakra, Gada, Padma (clockwise starting from the top right hand)
  2. NarayaNa: Padma, Gada, Chakra, Shankha
  3. Madhava: Chakra, Shankha, Padma, Gada
  4. Govinda: Gada, Padma, Shankha, Chakra
  5. VishNu: Padma, Shankha, Chakra, Gada
  6. Madhusoodhana: Shankha, Padma, Gada, Chakra
  7. Trivikrama: Gada, Chakra, Shankha, Padma
  8. Vaamana: CHakra, Gada, Padma, Shankha
  9. Shreedhara: Chakra, Gada, Shankha, Padma
  10. Hrsheekesha: Chakra, Padma, Shankha, Gada
  11. Padmanaabha: Padma, Chakra, Gada, Shankha
  12. DaamodaraL Shankha, Gada, Chakra, Padma
  13. SankarShaNa: Shankha, Padma, Chakra, Gada
  14. Vaasudeva: Shankha, Chakra, Padma, Gada
  15. Pradyumna: Shankha, Gada, Padma, Chakra
  16. Aniruddha: Gada, Shankha, Padma, Chakra
  17. PuruShottama: Padma, Shankha, Gada, Chakra
  18. AdhokShaja: Gada, Shankha, Chakra, Padma
  19. Narasimha: Padma, Gada, Shankha, Chakra
  20. Achyuta: Padma, Chakra, Shankha, Gada
  21. Janaardhana: Chakra, Shankha, Gada, Padma
  22. Upendra: Gada, Chakra, Padma, Shankha
  23. Hari: Chakra, Padma, Gada, Shankha
  24. KrShNa: Gada, Padma, Chakra, Shankha

Following image shows the 24 ways in which Udupi Krishna - the Krishna installed by Madhvacharya at Udupi - is decorated to illustrate the 24 forms of Vishnu as explained above.