Political system
• Delhi was transformed from being a Rajput stronghold to becoming capital of Ghurid possessions in India. Aibak became Ghurid’s viceroy in India took control over the administration of Delhi.
•After Ghori’s death , Aibak declared independence and founded the Delhi Sultanate, becoming its first Sultan.
∆ Administrative changes under him
• He introduced Turko-Islamic military and administrative system, replacing Rajput feudal system.
• He organised the Iqta system (land revenue assignments to nobles in return for military service). He also Established a strong military garrison at Delhi to consolidate Turkish control.
∆ Religious and Cultural changes
• The City saw the introduction of Islamic institutions like mosques, madrasas, and Sufi Khanqahs.
• Initiated the construction of the Quwaat-ul-islam mosque(1193),in Delhi mostly using materials and bricks taken from after demolishing Hindu temples.
• Also laid the foundation for Qutb Minar (must have used materials from all demolished Hindu, Jain and Buddha temples because it's structure and the signs, symbols seen in its building are somewhere connected with Hindu society. Also as it took so long to complete as it was finished in iltutmish time so it is also a sign that the material required for the structure was not well planned and labour would also have been forcibly recruited as it took almost more than two decades).
Some images as evidence are here.
Of the Quwaat-ul-islam mosque