What is the most dangerous place on Earth?

 North Korea Jail

Disturbing images ahead!!!!!!

I don’t own any of the images below. They are downloaded from google.

Most of the answers included Natural places which are dangerous to live. However, here I would like to show share a place which is driven by a naughty fat boy who himself consider as God. The place is so dangerous that if you steal a Propaganda from A HOTEL, THERE IS 15 YEARS OF JAIL!!!!!

The place is none other than - North Korean Jail.

Prisoners are forced to starve-

Pregnancy is biggest crime in jail!

for small mistakes, there are harsh punishments-

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and if somehow they escaped or freed from the hell, they will not survive long enough..

Inside North Korea's barbaric jails where prisoners dig their own graves

Revealed: Life inside North Korea's torturous prison camps

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Read more about North Korea-

Mohammad Ahmed's answer to Why is North Korea so fascinating?

What is the most dangerous place on Earth?

 Verkhoyansk, Russia

Located deep in the heart of Siberia and 3000 miles east of Moscow, Verkhoyansk is one of the coldest cities in the world. Referred to as the Cold Pole, the city is well-known for its endless winters, with the Yana River frozen solid nine months of the year.

Winter temperatures fall between minus 60 and minus 40 degrees Fahrenheit, and from September to March, the city averages fewer than 5 hours of sunlight every day. For most of its history Verkhoyansk was used as an exile city by czars and Soviets.

Lake Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo/Rwanda

Renowned as one of the great lakes of Africa, Lake Kivu is located along the border between Congo and Rwanda. But deep below its surface, the lake houses over 2.3 trillion cubic feet of methane gas and 60 cubic miles of carbon dioxide, which, if released, can spark a methane explosion, incite lake tsunamis and kill the two million residents that call the basin home. Trying to think positive? The gas will likely be released only if volcanic activity occurs below the lake.

Dallol, Ethiopia

If Verkhoyansk is the coldest city in the world, then Dallol, Ethiopia is the antithesis. Located five hours outside of Ethiopia’s center in the Danakil Desert, Dallol is known by locals as “the Gateway to Hell”. It’s an apt title for the hottest inhabited place on Earth, where temperatures in summer reach up to 148 degrees Fahrenheit.

Average temperatures hover around 94 degrees Fahrenheit, but that’s of little relief to the locals. To add fuel to fire, the rugged region is a revelation of salt flats, active volcanoes and regular earthquakes. Unsurprisingly, given the settlement’s inhospitable climate and lack of infrastructure.

Somalia

Since the civil war began in 1990, Somalia has been divided into over two dozen warring groups. Disease, famine, and ineffective governance have contributed to the rise of terrorist factions, which have further cracked Somalia’s already fumbling foundations, embroiling it in crime and violence.

Famine is a perennially devastating issue in in Somalia, and from 2010 to 2012 it claimed the lives of over 260,000 people. According to an annual ranking by Foreign Policy and the Global Fund for Peace, Somalia is the most failed state in the world. Tourists, suffice to say, are non-existent.

Why don’t we find any living dinosaur species on Earth now?

 But we do! We see them all the time, flying above our heads and making nests where they can.

And if they’re not flying, they’re chasing you and you should be running for your life (unless it’s a kiwi), and it might have a raptor claw. Meet the cassowary.

(If you mean the big guys though, like triceratops and t-rex, it was an asteroid the size of mt. everest. The crater can be found on chicxulub peninsula in Mexico.)

What was the largest river that has ever existed on Earth?

The largest river to have existed in the last half a billion years might have been the Mega Congo-Amazon.

In the contemporary world, the largest river by discharge is the Amazon, but the Nile, by some measures, might be the longest, and over its length, there are some disputes. However, both of these rivers pale in comparison to the mega Congo-Amazon, which existed when South America was still connected to Africa in the Gondwana and Pangea supercontinents and might have been around 10,000 km in length, almost twice the length of the Amazon alone. It was home to huge dinosaurs and other fascinating Mesozoic creatures.

The drainage area of the Amazon today is about 7 million sq km, the Congo about 4 million, and the Nile about 3.4 million. The Mega Congo Amazon had a drainage area of around 12 million square kilometers.

The flow rate of the Amazon is about 210,000 m3/sec, and that of the Congo is about 40,000 m3/sec. However, for millions of years, the climate was much wetter during the existence of the Mega Amazon-Congo, and its discharge was likely much higher than the combined flow rate of the Amazon and Congo rivers in Africa and South America.

When these two continents split, both the Amazon and the Congo continued to flow from east to west—Congo towards the Atlantic and Amazon towards the Pacific Ocean, but 23 to 50 million years ago Andes started to grow rapidly, and 10 to 15 million years ago, they became large and tall enough to block the flow of the Amazon towards the west.

For millions of years, the water accumulated into a vast inland sea and swamp, the Pebas, in what is now Colombia, Ecuador, parts of Peru, and western Brazil. It discharged into the Caribbean in the north of modern-day Colombia. It existed for so long that indigenous and fascinating animals and plants evolved to live in it, only for their habitat to be destroyed when the Amazon found a way, via sandstone, to flow east towards the Atlantic 7 to 10 million years ago.

Some of the most fascinating animals of the Pebas were Purussaurus, a 10-ton, 10 to 12 meters-long crocodile with the strongest bite force of any known animal, stronger than that of T. rex. There were also filter-feeding crocodilians with duck-like bills. Stupendemys was a 3-meter-long, up to 1-ton turtle. Freshwater snails of the Pebas had thick shells of up to 40cm in diameter.

The mega Congo-Amazon River might have been the largest in the last half-billion years. Earth experienced many supercontinental cycles over its 4.5-billion-year history, and if larger rivers existed on older supercontinents like Columbia/Nuna, 1.8–1.4 billion years ago, or Rodinia, 1.2 to 0.75 billion years ago, we have no evidence of their drainage basins due to erosion. Older supercontinents were still too small to harbor such large drainage basins. Therefore, the Mega Congo-Amazon is the largest we have evidence of ever having existed in the history of our planet.

What are some mind-blowing facts about the planet Earth?

 Earth looked like this 700 million years ago:

That’s right, the entire planet was covered in ice sheets that reached to the equator, the globe was on an ice age on massive steroids. This event is known as Snowball Earth, the most recent of which happened in the Cryogenian period (720–635 million years ago) during the Neoproterozoic era. Earlier global freezing did happen in the Paleoproterozoic (Huronian glaciation), but I’ll be focusing on the Sturtian and Marinoan glaciations in specific.

There are 2 main things that determine Earth’s temperature-

• The sun’s luminosity
• Atmospheric gases

Back in the Cryogenian, the sun was 6–7% dimmer than it is today (the sun gets brighter over time), meaning baseline temperatures were a lot lower on average, which made Earth much more vulnerable to an albedo runaway, which I’ll get to in a bit.

In the preceding Tonian period, continents were lined in the equator, this is huge as chemical weathering is strongest at the equator due to intense rainfalls. Chemical weathering locks CO2 gases into carbonate rocks, this happens when CO2 rains down upon silicate rocks, which are common in volcanic regions and continental merging. Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas, which means it traps the sun’s heat in the atmosphere, unlike how oxygen is. So when CO2 gets locked away in carbonate rocks, the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere decreases.

This process happened over in the millions of years leading up to the Cryogenian, CO2 would keep plummeting as more and more carbonate rocks were formed due to chemical weathering, which continuously cooled the planet. Eventually, ice around the poles started to form, ice is one of the best deflectors of sunlight on Earth, otherwise known as albedo. As the amount of greenhouse gases lowered, more and more ice started to form, which reflected more sunlight, which made the Earth even colder, which meant more ice.

Once the ice reached around 40° degrees latitude, the albedo runaway effect became unstoppable, causing ice to eventually reach the equator, thus beginning Snowball Earth.

Cryogenian Earth 🧊

It’s estimated that at least 80–90% of the planet during this time would’ve been frozen rock solid, with possible small patches of equatorial ocean remaining intact, if any. Otherwise, the continents were covered in ice sheets kilometers thick, with oceans being covered in ice at least a couple hundred meters thick.

Temperatures around this time are estimated to have averaged around -50°C globally, with the equator being around -30°C on average, and the poles being a whopping -80°C on average! To put that into perspective, Antarctica's record low of -89°C is barely colder than the average South Pole day of Snowball Earth.

The absolute coldest days of Cryogenian period would’ve likely happened in the South Pole at winter, it’s been estimated that the record low could've reached a monumental -110°C to -130°C, that’s as freezing as the average day on Mars’s poles at night. These were very likely the coldest days in Earth’s history.

However, below the ice sheets covering the sea, life was still enduring, the earliest and most primitive of animals still hanged on in these hellish conditions, such as Otavia antiqua, possibly by being near hydrothermal vents and small patches of water where sunlight hit.

And as for how Snowball Earth ended? Volcanos. 🌋

Even during this global freezing, volcanos remained active and contributors of CO2 gases, and now that Earth was frozen, chemical weathering became pretty much nonexistent, so nothing was able to prevent CO2 gases from accumulating over millions of years.

Eventually, enough CO2 accumulated that ice began to melt at the equator before eventually, Earth was ice free.

Since then, Snowball Earth has never happened again, the last time this phenomena could’ve been possible under the perfect conditions was around 540–520 million years ago in the early Cambrian, afterwards, the sun became too bright to allow ice to reach the equator before melting. Even today, we are nearing the threshold for ice ages in the geological time scale. Snowball Earth will forever be exclusive to the Proterozoic eon.

-Cesar Alcaraz

Who proved that the Earth isn't flat?

 Anyone can, so it is hard to know who first concluded the Earth wasn’t flat.

For one thing, it depends on scale. Locally, of course, we all know it isn’t flat. There are hills and valleys, mountains and seas. So that means one needs to consider distances larger than tens of miles or kilometers - distances such that the variation from being flat due to the terrain is insignificant. But at distances of tens of miles or kilometers, is sufficient to recognize that it isn’t flat on that scale either if one recognizes what a horizon is.

There are places on Earth where it seems to be flat for large distances. Here are some of those:

But in each of those places, there is a well-defined horizon line - meaning, you cannot see beyond it. Why? Because the Earth’s surface is everywhere curved (or convex). In that last image, for example, there are hills or mountains in the background, but you cannot see their bases (especially those much farther away near the right side of the photo). In the middle picture, about fifty or a hundred miles beyond that horizon line, there are mountains which you cannot see. In the photo of the Pacific Ocean - taken from only a few feet above the level of the sea, one can only see a few miles out into the ocean, even though we know it goes for thousands.

So who first noticed that? We have no idea. But as far as we know, Eratosthenes with the first to actually take measurements that allowed calculating the radius of curvature. But that means people long before him already knew it was curved, they just hadn’t measured the curvature.

What are some unique unknown facts about our living Earth

 Here I presenting some images that contain some unique and unknown facts about our planet earth, I guess maybe they deserve millions of views.

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How would earth be affected if the super massive black hole at the center of the galaxy turned into a quasar?

Without a warning, Earth was enveloped by a beam of intense light from the center of the galaxy. The pole of the supermassive black hole Sagittarius A* was pointing at our planet. It was the end of human civilization.

People who were outdoors were evaporated immediately, and only a faint shadow of their existence was imprinted on the ground where they stood. Much more horrifying fates awaited people inside the buildings. The hot air evaporated the glass in the windows and entered their rooms. Their skin, exposed to extremely high temperatures, melted to flesh as they experienced enormous pain for a fraction of a second. Fortunately, it didn’t last long; they died quickly. Or maybe not….

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We have recently discovered that the axis of rotation of Sagittarius A*, the supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way, is oriented in such a way that we are facing its pole. This is surprising because the planes of the spiral disks of galaxies would tend to align with the equatorial regions of the event horizons of supermassive black holes at their centers.

When these monsters become active by feeding on vast amounts of matter, they can evolve into active galactic nuclei or quasars. A beam of intense radiation can then emerge from their poles that can seriously damage everything in its way. We recently observed one causing nova explosions in the giant elliptical galaxy M87.

Nevertheless, the supermassive black hole at the center of our galaxy is 4.3 million times the mass of the Sun and is relatively modest in size compared to the mass of our galaxy and other supermassive black holes elsewhere. We are located 26,000 light-years away from the center, and a significant amount of gas and dust along the way would block some of the radiation. The above scenario could happen in other galaxies, which contain supermassive black holes hundreds of times or more massive than the one we have in the Milky Way.

At most, the Earth’s atmosphere would get seriously damaged, and dark clouds would appear that would block the energy of the sun for years, causing nuclear war-like conditions and famine that could dent the human population to a large extent.

We think that our supermassive black hole has been in its active galactic nucleus phase or quasar many times in the past. In other galaxies, they last millions to even up to a billion years, but their length depends on the sources of matter the supermassive black hole can feed on. It can be from a recent galactic merger. Our galaxy has not collided with a huge one for 8 to 11 billion years since the Gaia-Encaladus-Sausage galaxy increased the number of stars in the Milky Way by about 50 billion.

Perhaps the next quasar phase will occur after the merger with the Andromeda Galaxy and its supermassive black hole, which is 20 to 30 times more massive than our own. This might be in 4.5 billion years or more. This behemoth of a unison between two supermassive black holes could do far more damage, and its galaxy would supply theirs, stir up and move our nebulae that can feed this voracious source of destruction for hundreds of millions or even a billion years.

The question was: How would earth be affected if the super massive black hole at the center of the galaxy turned into a quasar?

What is actually meant by Hindu texts when they said Earth was on top of elephants which were on top of a giant turtle?

 

Is planet Earth on top of four elephants which in turn are on the top of a giant turtle?

What does this mean?

Scriptures are based on seven stage muscle tone based thinking. The fourth stage is symbolized by water and represents Vishnu.

Vishnu is the Preserver and keeps life between a lower limit called Positive attitude and an upper limit called Negative attitude.

The Positive attitude is symbolized by turtle and the Negative attitude by Earth.

In Kurma or Turtle incarnation Vishnu prevents the ocean floor from sinking. The ocean floor symbolizes the Positive attitude.

In Varaha incarnation Vishnu restores the Earth from the bottom of the ocean floor, hidden there by the demon Hiranyaksha. Earth here symbolizes our Negative attitude.

If our Negative attitude below our Positive attitude we will feel that we have achieved more than enough and therefore, we won’t feel like doing anything. Vishnu restores the Negative attitude to its default level.

Purusha / Vishnu are three dimensional at the level of the navel. The four elephants symbolize this fact.

Thus, the Earth on top of four elephants, which in turn are on a giant turble symbolize the default state of human mind.

If Earth was shrunk down to the size of a grape, how big would the Galaxy be?

 Let's round the diameter of a grape up to about one inch (2.5 cm), just for simplicity's sake.

The diameter of the Earth is about 7917.5 miles (12,742 kilometers), which translates to 501,652,800 one-inch grapes. Give or take. That is to say that the Earth is currently 501,652,800 times bigger than a grape, so in order to make them the same size, we would need to scale down the Earth by 501,652,800 times.

We now assume that the same proportional shrinkage takes place in all of space, or at least our galaxy.

Doing this makes the solar system at least navigable. The Sun, which is now about the size of a Smart Car, is a little less than 1,000 feet (about 300 meters) away from our little grape. That’s a short little jog, or about the height of the Eiffel Tower. Be sure to stop to smell Venus on the way — it smells like rotten eggs!

Pluto is still over seven miles (over eleven km) away from the Sun, so we’ll need a vehicle if we aren’t in the mood to hike. Just to arrive at an icy pebble about 1/5 of an inch (1/2 of a centimeter) in diameter. You may (or may not) have noticed Jupiter looking like an overinflated basketball along the way. More likely you noticed Saturn and its spectacular rings, now just under two feet across.

But we’re not thinking big enough. Granted, the Milky Way is a relatively small galaxy, with a distance of "only" about 100,000 light-years across. Scaling that down by the same ratio, the galaxy would now be 0.0002 (1/5,000) light-years across.

To turn that into miles, we must consider that one light-year in reality is almost 5.9 trillion miles (9.5 trillion km). In our scale model, that same light-year is now a little more than 11,718 miles (18,859 km) -- a little greater than the distance from the United Kingdom to New Zealand.

So already we’ve outgrown our car. We’ll need a commercial plane and most of a day to travel a single light year. But if we want to get anywhere, the nearest star will require that we make that trip four times and then some, so we’ll need a high-speed jet with enough fuel to travel completely around the Earth (the real Earth) twice without refueling. (One commenter suggested a rocket, which is probably a better time-saver).

We’ve now made it to the Alpha Centauri system. Congratulations. That flight was probably miserable.

But we’re not even getting started. We’re trying to traverse the galaxy, after all, and we’ve only jumped from one star system to its nearest neighbor.

This scaled-down galaxy is now 1,171,826,372 miles (1,885,871,741 km) across. Essentially we’ve shrunk the Milky Way to fit inside our Solar System; the edges of the galaxy would be found somewhere between the orbits of Saturn and Uranus — still twenty-five thousand times further than humans have traveled thus far. If you want to get a feel for how long that trip would take, I recommend this map (which shows that even light itself would take more than an hour and a half to cover the distance):

If the Moon Were Only 1 Pixel

Even at over 500 million times smaller than actual size, our galaxy is still unfathomably massive.

Moral of the story: I hope you like your little grape. It’s almost definitely the only grape you’ll ever get. Do take care of it.

Note: the above calculations are completely linear. I only used diameter. If accounting for volume, the numbers would be different. For example, I had said that Earth is about 502 million times larger than a grape, but if measured by volume, Earth becomes more than one septillion times larger than the grape… (that’s a 1 with 24 zeroes). To make that useful we’d have to compare it to the volume of the galaxy, but I don’t know how to measure that (and I don’t think anyone else does either). Because I wanted to talk about travel times anyway I felt a linear measure was sufficient.