Where does gold come from?

 

Gold isn't created in Sun’s core. Conditions aren't extreme enough.

It has a more violent origin— created when two neutron stars collide.

Neutron stars are insane. Masses greater than Sun, squeezed to the size of a small city, with gravity hundreds of billions of times stronger than Earth.

But when two of them collide, what happens literally outshines the entire observable universe for a fraction of second.

They make ripples in space time, like a bell makes ripples in air. Energy is released in form of these ripples, with a peak power of 10⁵⁴ to 10⁵⁶ watts. (That's not a typo.)

That's 10,000 times more energy output that every single star in the observable universe combined, which is 10⁵⁰ watts.

The collision also creates a kilonova— an explosion which outshines the entire galaxy for weeks. Gold and other heavier elements like platinum and uranium are spread out by this explosion.

Over 100 Earth-masses of gold is created in a single neutron star merger.

There's no happy ending. Most of the times the merger creates a black hole 🕳️, which eats everything that's left

If the stock market crashes, is investing in gold a safe alternative?

 Investing in gold is generally considered a safe alternative during a stock market crash. Here’s why, along with a detailed explanation:

✅ 1. Gold as a Safe Haven Asset

• Historical performance shows that investors tend to move their money into gold when stock markets crash due to economic uncertainty, geopolitical tensions, or inflation.
• This is because gold maintains its intrinsic value and is not directly tied to the earnings of companies like stocks are.

✅ 2. Low Correlation With Equities

• Gold often has a low or negative correlation with the stock market, meaning when stocks fall, gold may rise or at least hold steady.
• This makes it a valuable diversifier in a balanced portfolio, especially in times of financial turmoil.

✅ 3. Hedge Against Inflation & Currency Devaluation

• In a crash, central banks may print more money to stimulate the economy, which can devalue currencies.
• Gold acts as a hedge against inflation and currency depreciation, preserving purchasing power.

✅ 4. Global Demand & Limited Supply

• Gold has consistent demand across the world for jewelry, reserves, and investment.
• Its limited supply adds to its store-of-value appeal, especially when confidence in fiat currencies or financial systems is low.

⚠️ But Keep in Mind:

• Gold doesn’t generate income like dividends or interest.
• Its price can be volatile in the short term depending on investor sentiment and global events.
• It's best used as a part of a diversified portfolio, not as a replacement for all investments.

✅ Conclusion:

Yes, gold can be a safer investment option during a market crash, but it should be used wisely — typically forming 5% to 15% of a well-diversified portfolio. It won’t make you rich overnight, but it can protect your wealth during turbulent times.

ನಾನು ಆರ್‌ಬಿಐ ಚಿನ್ನದ ಬಾಂಡ್‌ಗಳನ್ನು ಎಲ್ಲಿ ಮತ್ತು ಹೇಗೆ ಖರೀದಿಸಬಹುದು?

🏆 RBI ಚಿನ್ನದ ಬಾಂಡ್ (Sovereign Gold Bond - SGB) ಖರೀದಿಸುವ ವಿಧಾನ:

RBI ಚಿನ್ನದ ಬಾಂಡ್‌ಗಳನ್ನು (SGBs) ಹಂಗಾಮಿ ಆಫರ್ (Tranche) ಮಾದರಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ಮಾರುಕಟ್ಟೆಗೆ ತರುತ್ತದೆ. ನೀವು ಅವುಗಳನ್ನು ಬ್ಯಾಂಕ್, ಫಿನಾನ್ಸ್ ಪ್ಲಾಟ್‌ಫಾರ್ಮ್ ಅಥವಾ ಸ್ಟಾಕ್ ಎಕ್ಸ್ಚೇಂಜ್ ಮೂಲಕ ಖರೀದಿಸಬಹುದು.

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🌟 ಎಲ್ಲಿ ಖರೀದಿಸಬಹುದು?

1️⃣ ಬ್ಯಾಂಕ್‌ಗಳು – SBI, HDFC, ICICI, Axis, PNB, BOI
2️⃣ ಪೋಸ್ಟ್ ಆಫೀಸ್ – RBI ಅನುಮೋದಿತ ಆಯ್ದ ಶಾಖೆಗಳಲ್ಲಿ
3️⃣ ಸ್ಟಾಕ್ ಬ್ರೋಕರ್ಸ್ & ಡಿಮಾಟ್ ಪ್ಲಾಟ್‌ಫಾರ್ಮ್‌ಗಳು – Zerodha, Groww, Upstox, ICICI Direct
4️⃣ ಆನ್‌ಲೈನ್ ಪೋರ್ಟ್‌ಲ್ಗಳು – ಬ್ಯಾಂಕ್ ಅಥವಾ ಬ್ರೋಕಿಂಗ್ ಆಪ್‌ನಲ್ಲಿ Net Banking ಮೂಲಕ
5️⃣ ಸ್ಟಾಕ್ ಎಕ್ಸ್ಚೇಂಜ್ (NSE & BSE) – Secondary Market ಮೂಲಕ

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💰 ಹೇಗೆ ಖರೀದಿಸಬಹುದು? (Step-by-Step Process)

✅ 1. ನೋಂದಣಿ & ಖಾತೆ ತಯಾರಿ

• ನಿಮ್ಮ Savings Account ✅
• PAN Card ಅಗತ್ಯವಿದೆ ✅
• Demat Account (ಆಗತ್ಯವಿಲ್ಲ, ಆದರೆ ಇರಲು ಉತ್ತಮ) ✅

✅ 2. ಆರ್ಡರ್ ಹಾಕುವುದು

• Net Banking / Mobile App / ಬ್ರೋಕರೇಜ್ ಪೋರ್ಟ್‌ಲ್ ಗೆ ಲಾಗಿನ್ ಆಗಿ
• "Sovereign Gold Bond" ಆಯ್ಕೆ ಮಾಡಿ
• ನಿಮ್ಮ ಇಚ್ಛೆಯ ಬಾಂಡ್ ಪ್ರಮಾಣ ನಮೂದಿಸಿ (1 unit = 1gm Gold)
• ಕನಿಷ್ಠ 1gm, ಗರಿಷ್ಠ 4kg (ಇಂಡಿವಿಡ್ಯೂಅಲ್) ವರೆಗೆ ಖರೀದಿಸಬಹುದು
• ಆನ್‌ಲೈನ್ ಪೇಮೆಂಟ್ ಮಾಡಿ

✅ 3. ಖರೀದಿ ದೃಢೀಕರಣ (Confirmation & Issuance)

• SGB ಖರೀದಿಸಿದ ನಂತರ RBI ಅದನ್ನು ನಿಮ್ಮ Demat Account ಅಥವಾ Statement of Holding ರೂಪದಲ್ಲಿ ನೀಡುತ್ತದೆ
• ಬ್ಯಾಂಕ್ ಅಥವಾ ಪೋರ್ಟ್‌ಲ್ ಮೂಲಕ Certificate of Holding ಪಡೆಯಬಹುದು

✅ 4. ಬಾಂಡ್ ಪಾವತಿ & ಬಡ್ಡಿ ಲಾಭ

• ಚಿನ್ನದ ಬೆಲೆ ಮತ್ತು 2.5% ವಾರ್ಷಿಕ ಬಡ್ಡಿ (Half-yearly Pay-out) ಲಭಿಸುತ್ತದೆ
• 8 ವರ್ಷಗಳ maturity, 5ನೇ ವರ್ಷದಿಂದ Premature Exit Option

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🎯 ಪ್ರತಿ tranche ಅಂದಾಜು ದಿನಾಂಕಗಳು:

RBI ವರ್ಷಕ್ಕೆ 4-5 ಬಾರಿ ಬಾಂಡ್ ಸಂಚಿಕೆಗಳನ್ನು ಬಿಡುಗಡೆ ಮಾಡುತ್ತದೆ. ಹೊಸ tranche ವಿವರಗಳನ್ನು RBI ವೆಬ್‌ಸೈಟ್ ಅಥವಾ ನಿಮ್ಮ ಬ್ಯಾಂಕ್‌ನ ಮೂಲಕ ಪರಿಶೀಲಿಸಿ.

📌 Secondary Market: ನೀವು ಈಗಾಗಲೇ ಮಾರುಕಟ್ಟೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ಲಭ್ಯವಿರುವ SGB ಅನ್ನು Stock Exchange (NSE/BSE) ಮೂಲಕ ಖರೀದಿಸಬಹುದು.

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🔹 SGB ಖರೀದಿಸುವ ಲಾಭಗಳು?

✅ ಭೌತಿಕ ಚಿನ್ನಕ್ಕಿಂತ ಸುರಕ್ಷಿತ – ಕಳ್ಳತನ ಅಥವಾ ದೋಷ ಭಯವಿಲ್ಲ
✅ 2.5% ವಾರ್ಷಿಕ ಬಡ್ಡಿ ಲಾಭ – ಯಾವ ಚಿನ್ನದ ಹೂಡಿಕೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ಇದು ಇಲ್ಲ
✅ ಕ್ಯಾಪಿಟಲ್ ಗೇನ್ ಟ್ಯಾಕ್ಸ್ ಮುಕ್ತ (On Maturity)
✅ ನಿಮ್ಮ ಡಿಮಾಟ್ ಖಾತೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ಇಟ್ಟುಕೊಳ್ಳಬಹುದು

📌 ಹೊಸ tranche ಯಾವಾಗ ಬರುತ್ತದೆ ಎಂದು ತಿಳಿಯಲು, RBI website, ಬ್ಯಾಂಕ್ ಅಥವಾ ಡಿಮಾಟ್ ಪ್ಲಾಟ್‌ಫಾರ್ಮ್‌ಗಳನ್ನು ನೋಡಿರಿ! 🚀

Why does gold not rust?

 

One of the best-designed features in nature is what you have here. There is no rust on gold. It is not corroding. It mocks oxygen. The reason is absolutely pure chemistry.

Like a king, gold finds its place in the periodic table. Its electron arrangement qualifies it as noble, unreactive. The outer shell of electrons is stable and full. It doesn't want to share. Doesn't need to bond.

Iron gives up electrons readily, thus it rusts. It combines with oxygen like a drunk man searching for a fight. Still, gold keeps its electrons close.

Gold's nucleus and electrons attract more strongly than in most metals. Our term for this is electronegativity. Gold's is high. Iron's isn't.

The electron layout of gold finishes in 5d¹⁰6s¹. That corresponds exactly with a full d-orbital. Consistent. Finish. Iron ends in 3d⁶4s². That's unstable. Ready to react.

For the metal, the difference is life and death.

For a thousand years, gold can lie at the bottom of the sea. It arises brilliant. That same iron piece would break down into red dust.

This stability made gold precious. People of ancient times discovered it. Maintained it. Traded it. They didn't know about electron configurations. They knew, though, that gold lasted.