This is a galaxy without stars..

What you're seeing is the galaxy J0613+52.

A dark galaxy made up of hydrogen and dark matter— but no visible stars!

If it doesn't have any star, how was it discovered?

The discovery was a complete error. On January 2024, When a team at the Green Bank Observatory accidentally pointed their telescope to the wrong coordinates, instead of finding nothing, they detected a strong radio signal.

The signal came from an enormous cloud of cold hydrogen gas weighing a trillion solar masses.

How do we know?

Because neutral hydrogen emits a specific microwave radiation with wavelength of 21 cm, which is not affected by dust absorption.

Green Bank Observatory

Astronomers are still trying to find why this Galaxy doesn't have any stars. If it has, why aren't they visible?

One of the reasons might be that the gas is too thin and spread out to collapse and form stars.

It is also very isolated— there are no known galaxies within ~330 million light years of it.

That's staggering, even on cosmic scales! For comparison, distance between Milky Way and Andromeda is ‘mere’ 2.5 million light years.

When galaxies interact and collide, it churns their gas and triggers star formation. J0163+52 never got a chance.

What's interesting is that this galaxy might be a “primordial galaxy”— an incredibly rare phenomenon when an object made up of gas remains largely unchanged since the early universe.

We shot in dark, with a couple of wrong coordinates, and ended up finding a galaxy which we won't have found if we relied on light. Just imagine how many hidden galaxies there might be spread across the universe!

Space isn't just “out there”. It is full of mysterious places waiting to be explored… who knows what we’ll find?

What are some major movies that have been shot without a script?

 

Mr. Natwarlal (1979)

When the film started Amitabh had become the numero uno actor of Bollywood. And he was paired with Rekha. Music by Rajesh Roshan the songs were recorded and shooting commenced. Except that there was no script. They just hand a few scenes in their mind that sounded exciting but nothing concrete on paper. But the producers didn't wanted to loose the dates of Amitabh so they began shooting without a script. So they shot the songs first and by the time they shot the songs they put together scenes to go with the songs and that's how the film was made where the script came after the songs and was made in a improv rather than bound script. The film was inspired by a real life thug but was made as a comic masala movie. Even then the film was a major commercial success.

Ugly (2014)

The script or Ugly was written but never shared with the actors. The film involved a lot of improvisation and actors were supposed to interpret the scene on their own. The actors were given plot outlines and character sketches but not a proper script. One of the most powerful scene of the film is in the police station where the protagonists and police inspector engage in a dialogue over a mobile phone rather than looking for the lost girl, was completely improvised. The whole film was shot in a way that the actors themselves were suprised when the story got a twist or suspense is revealed. It helped the director Anurag Kashyap get real emotions out of the actors rather than rehearsed ones. And Ugly is considered one of the best films of Anurag Kashyap as a director.

Hamshakals (2015)

If there is any hall of fame for bad directors Sajid Khan deserve a place in that for making the abysmal films Himmatwala and Hamshakals. Hamshakals was so bad that the actors working on it denounced it. Bipasha Basu and Saif Ali Khan outrightly told the pathetic way the movie was shot without any script. For the heroes the one liner way- Do as I keep saying and for heroines- just look good. Actor Saif Ali Khan has said that the film was based on the director's imagination, as it "didn't have a script as such". The result was cringe and offensive script and puke worthy dialogues that made the film one of the worst of all times.