Well, yes, but it's much more accurate to say, we know what the universe looks like relative to us.
Like, we can tell you a lot about our intergalactic “neighborhood,” a little less about our cosmic “county and city,” a little bit about our “state and country” in space, and etc. The farther out we look, the less we know.
The structure of the universe around the Milky Way, which is the tiny blue dot.
But we know a lot about our local area.
A close-up of the above image. We're a red dot in this one.
You are here. 😁
OP: “Do astronomers have a rough idea of where our Galaxy is in the universe?”