Let’s say that their only common thing was their sex.But first let me tell you about women in Athens.
An Athenian woman from the day she was born she was trained just to please her husband.She should know how to do the housework and other things like sewing in a room called ginekonitis where only girls were allowed.
Although ,when they got married they had servants to do the work for them as they were responsible only for making more babies, especially boys, and raise them. Boys after 7 years old were taken from their mother and other people gave them education.Girls were not allowed to have education.
In Athenian homes the husband was considered absolutely normal to have sexual relationships with other women called pallakides (who he brought to home when he wanted to).Pallakides were not getting married and had the right to get some education and attend men in festivals ,while a “proper” Athenian girl could not.
A Spartian woman was way more free.Their purpose in life was to make strong boys that would be good soldiers.*
Spartians knew the strongest and more fit a woman is the strongest the baby they carry so Spartian girls were well trained and did sports and participated in races with men in running,discus,etc.
Spartian women had their own voice and could form an opinion and even change their husband’s mind.She could be free to disagree with something or propose her way on doing something.Although the basic War Council in Sparti contained only men.
Their clothing was not so strict as it was in Athens and they could wear as short clothes as they wanted.They were free.
In Sparta there were not pallakides or other things like that.The Spartian couple consisted a man and a woman ,no else third person.
*As you may know Spartians were very loyal to their contry and had Sparta over everything,even their children.When a disable child was born they killed it by throwing it in a river .If a child was not good at fighting or surviving or was “fragile” it would get killed before the age of 12.
NOTE:
Woman were totally okay with thing like that so a common saying is the phrase “i tan i epi tas” while giving them their shield which means “this or on this” meaning that, you will return as a winner with this shield or you will return dead on the shield.
That is because they thought that a man throws his shield only to run away and Spartian mothers preferred to see their son return dead than return as a coward.