Showing posts with label river. Show all posts
Showing posts with label river. Show all posts

Thursday, March 26, 2026

What is the Rig Veda description of the Saraswati River?

 Saraswati is the most frequently mentioned river in Rigveda.

Saraswati is a mighty river

With impetuous and mighty waves she breaks down the precipices of the mountains, like a digger for the lotus fibres; we adore for our protection, the praises and with sacred rites, Sarasvati the underminer of both her banks.”

  • 6.61.2

Sarasvati, makes manifest by her acts a mighty river, and (in her own form) enlightens all understandings.

  • 1.3.12.

You chant, Vashistha a powerful hymn to her who is the most mighty of rivers; worship, Vashistha withwell-selected praises, Sarasvati, who is both in heaven and earth.”

  • 7.96.1.

Saraswati flows from the mountains to the ocean

Sarasvati, chief and pure of rivers, flowing from the mountains to the ocean, understood the request of Nahusha, and distributing riches among the many existing beings, milked for him butter and water.

  • 7.95.2.

The Purus dwell on the banks of Saraswati

Since the Puru people dwell upon your two bright banks through your greatness, May you be aware of us as our protectress, O friend of the Maruts, and stir the generosity of the wealthy patrons.

  • 7.96.2.

Saraswati was the dearest river to the people

May Sarasvati, who has seven sisters, who is dearest among those dear to us, and is fully propitiated, be ever adorable.”

  • 6.61.10

Saraswati is the mother of rivers

Coming together, glorious and lowing, Sarasvati is the seventh, the mother of rivers. Like cows that flow easily, providing abundant milk and excellent streams, they swell forth with their own liquid essence.

  • 7.36.6.

Saraswati is the best of rivers

Sarasvati, best of mothers, best of rivers, best of goddesses, we are, as it were, of no repute; grant us, mother, distinction.”

  • 2.41.16.

Saraswati has three origin sources

Abiding in three dwellings, consisting of seven elements, and fivefold in origin, she who bestows prosperity has become the one to be honored with oblations in every contest.

  • 6.61.12.

People worshipped and offered sacrifices to Saraswati

May the divine Sarasvati, the acceptress of (sacrificial) food, the protectress of her worshippers, sustain us with (abundant) viands.”

  • 6.61.4.

“Presenting to you, Sarasvati, these oblations with reverence (may we receive from you affluence); begratified by our praise and may we, being retained in your dearest felicity, ever recline upon you, as on asheltering tree.”

  • 7.95.5.

Tuesday, February 3, 2026

What was the largest river that has ever existed on Earth?


The largest river to have existed in the last half a billion years might have been the Mega Congo-Amazon.

In the contemporary world, the largest river by discharge is the Amazon, but the Nile, by some measures, might be the longest, and over its length, there are some disputes. However, both of these rivers pale in comparison to the mega Congo-Amazon, which existed when South America was still connected to Africa in the Gondwana and Pangea supercontinents and might have been around 10,000 km in length, almost twice the length of the Amazon alone. It was home to huge dinosaurs and other fascinating Mesozoic creatures.

The drainage area of the Amazon today is about 7 million sq km, the Congo about 4 million, and the Nile about 3.4 million. The Mega Congo Amazon had a drainage area of around 12 million square kilometers.

The flow rate of the Amazon is about 210,000 m3/sec, and that of the Congo is about 40,000 m3/sec. However, for millions of years, the climate was much wetter during the existence of the Mega Amazon-Congo, and its discharge was likely much higher than the combined flow rate of the Amazon and Congo rivers in Africa and South America.

When these two continents split, both the Amazon and the Congo continued to flow from east to west—Congo towards the Atlantic and Amazon towards the Pacific Ocean, but 23 to 50 million years ago Andes started to grow rapidly, and 10 to 15 million years ago, they became large and tall enough to block the flow of the Amazon towards the west.

For millions of years, the water accumulated into a vast inland sea and swamp, the Pebas, in what is now Colombia, Ecuador, parts of Peru, and western Brazil. It discharged into the Caribbean in the north of modern-day Colombia. It existed for so long that indigenous and fascinating animals and plants evolved to live in it, only for their habitat to be destroyed when the Amazon found a way, via sandstone, to flow east towards the Atlantic 7 to 10 million years ago.

Some of the most fascinating animals of the Pebas were Purussaurus, a 10-ton, 10 to 12 meters-long crocodile with the strongest bite force of any known animal, stronger than that of T. rex. There were also filter-feeding crocodilians with duck-like bills. Stupendemys was a 3-meter-long, up to 1-ton turtle. Freshwater snails of the Pebas had thick shells of up to 40cm in diameter.

The mega Congo-Amazon River might have been the largest in the last half-billion years. Earth experienced many supercontinental cycles over its 4.5-billion-year history, and if larger rivers existed on older supercontinents like Columbia/Nuna, 1.8–1.4 billion years ago, or Rodinia, 1.2 to 0.75 billion years ago, we have no evidence of their drainage basins due to erosion. Older supercontinents were still too small to harbor such large drainage basins. Therefore, the Mega Congo-Amazon is the largest we have evidence of ever having existed in the history of our planet.

Thursday, December 4, 2025

What is the story of the Padma River as per Tripura Rahasya?

 The story of the Padmā river is narrated in chapter 22 of the Tripurā Rahasya’s Māhātmya Khaṇḍa.

Bhagavatī Ramā, i.e., Mahālakṣmī, became the Padmā river after becoming angry with her husband, Viṣṇu, and left Vaikuṇṭha. She also got cursed by Nārada Ṛṣi and dried up but later merged with Gaṅgā and was freed.

The story goes as follows. Once, Viṣṇu was in Vaikuṇṭha with LakᚣmÄŤ. Seeing the devotion of Vṛndā and BhĹŤdēvÄŤ, he accepted them. Worried or concerned about LakᚣmÄŤ’s anger, he spent time with them secretly. Even when LakᚣmÄŤ found out about this and questioned him, he concealed it. After that, Vāṇī, i.e., SarasvatÄŤ, invited LakᚣmÄŤ, accompanied by her attendants, to Satyalōka for a visit with the permission of Viṣṇu. During her absence in Vaikuṇṭha, Viṣṇu sported with Vṛndā and BhĹŤ.

Later, Lakṣmī came back from Satyalōka to Vaikuṇṭha, and she was furious to see Viṣṇu sporting in private with Vṛndā and Bhūmi. Viṣṇu was alarmed and followed Lakṣmī as she stormed out of Vaikuṇṭha in anger. He followed her to Himālaya, and he then attempted to console her by holding her right hand. Then Lakṣmī, who was burning with wrath and anger, was liquified like a mass of ghee by fire and flowed into a continuous river, becoming the Padmā river, which was later dried up due to the curse of Nārada.

After narrating this tale, it gets back to Dattātrēya and Paraśurāma. And Dattātrēya says that Bhagīratha, a sagely king, by performing great penance, made the river Gaṅgā flow on the earth. As Gaṅgā flowed as a river down to earth and followed Bhagīratha, she happened to reach where the dried Padmā river remained, causing Padmā to merge with Gaṅgā. Coming in contact with Gaṅgā, Padmā was relieved of her curse and joined the sea earlier than Gaṅgā.

After that, Paraśurāma asks his guru, Dattātrēya, the story of how the Padmā River got cursed, and he narrates the tale to him, which goes as follows.

Once, Nārada was at the sabhā in Brahmalōka, where Gandharvas, Yakṣas, Kinnaras, and other divine celestial beings were performing the Gandharva style of music. Each one of them excelled the other in skill. Then Nārada also played the rāgas (musical modes) on his vīṇā. By his rāgas, all those that were there were engrossed in the transcendental melody and were experiencing bliss and complimented Nārada.

Then Sarasvatī, the exponent in melody, played on her vīṇā, the Kacchapī. Nārada and others could not really grasp the intricacies of those rāgas. At the end of the event, Nārada left and on his way was thinking of the rāga by Sarasvatī, which was the best and which he could not comprehend.

He went to a solitary forest on the banks of the river Padmā and started to play the vīṇā with the same rāga that his mother, Sarasvatī, had splendidly performed. Hearing the discord in his rendering, the river Padmā laughed loudly.

Put to shame and angered by the insult, Nārada cursed the river Padmā and said thus: “Oh great River! You shall dry up for your insolence towards me.” Hearing that frightening curse, Padmā fell prostrate before Nārada and repeatedly begged for the termination of the curse. Upon her request, Nārada said: “Oh Great River! When you unite (merge) with the supreme Gaṅgā, you will be free from the curse.”

After that, Padmā, with great reverence, asks Nārada about Gaṅgā, where she is and how she will reach the earth. Then Nārada narrates the tale of Gaṅgā, her origin, and how she will descend down or flow down on earth as a river and eventually reach Padmā, and she would merge with her, being freed from the curse.

The timeline is unclear here in this scripture, though it is heavily implied that some time after or later on in the future, eventually Gaṅgā did come down to earth and flow as a river due to BhagÄŤratha’s penance, and she ended up reaching where the dried-up river of Padmā was, causing Padmā to merge with her. After that, Padmā was freed from the curse.

It gets back to Dattātrēya narrating to Paraśurāma, and he says that like this, Ramā (LakᚣmÄŤ) suffered great distress from her co-wives. And this is pretty much the entire story of Padmā NadÄŤ according to the Tripurārahasya - त्रिपुरारचस्य.

Art by: Parimala Devi Namasivayam

Jaya Mā LakᚣmÄŤsvarĹŤpā Padmā! đŸ™đŸź

Friday, November 14, 2025

How large was the ancient river named Saraswati?

 Saraswati was the largest and most magnificent river of ancient India, and flowed from the Himalayas (present day Himachal, Garhwal, Kumaon hills) parallel to the course of the Indus and separated from it by about 100 km till the port city of Dholavira on Rann of Kutch and ancient Dwarka on the Gulf of Kutch.

Tuesday, September 30, 2025

Rigvedic Saraswati the lost river

 Saraswati is among the most discussed rivers in the context of Indian history, the waters of which once flowed from the Himalayas to the Arabian Sea, separate from the other historically famous Indus(Sindhu) river. More than five thousand years ago, The mighty river Sarasvati was flowing in full strength through the arid desert of Western Bharat into the Arabian Sea.

Sarasvati is mentioned in Rig Veda and ancient sanskrit text, the oldest being the, Rig Veda, the Saraswati is described as the best and the purest among all rivers, which is fast-flowing and ocean-like, and it flows from the mountains to the sea. The later text epic Mahabharata too mentioned the Saraswati as lost in the desert sands, and then reappearing at different places in its downstream course, thus making it clear that the composer was aware of Saraswati losing its flow strength. According to the Sattelite image of ISRO, The Ghaggar Hakra river is identified was indeed the Vedic Saraswati River mentioned in the Rig Veda. several European scholars, as early as 1810s, reported that in the couplets sung by the common people in Rajasthan, the depopulation in the desert areas was blamed on the absorption or disappearance of the Saraswati or Ghaggar-Hakra.

They also observed high quality antique structures buried in sand which perished as the river dried up. several research papers published at the time and later identifies the Ghaggar-Hakra stream as the erstwhile river Saraswati. The identification of a river Saraswati in the region was well-accepted since the time of the British Raj and the argument that the river is just a poetic figment of imagination, came later by AIT/AMT proponents.

Drying of river Saraswati a time frame-

1. 2700 BCE - Kalibangan earthquake. This led to creation & activation of Yamuna tear faults in the Siwalik hills.

2. 2200 BCE- Second earthquake in Dholavira, which led to the next episode of tectonic shifts and creation of new faults lines.

3. 2000 BCE- Yamuna moves eastward towards Ganga, abandoning Saraswati that loses >50% of its water volume and Sutlej turns westward, abandons Saraswati, and joins Sindhu (Indus). Now Saraswati loses almost its entire volume of the glacier waters.

4. 1800 BCE- By this time the river stopped flowing into the sea at Rann of Kutch, from being a perennial ice-fed river, Saraswati now becomes a weak rain-fed stream.

5. Between 600-500 BCE, Unfortunately, owing to the monotonic weakening of Monsoons in the Siwalik areas that had set in long back, the rain-fed stream could not retain the previous heavy flow.

6. Further tectonic activities that created ridges (across Haryana and Rajasthan) turned this already dying rain-fed stream into a series of lakes & pools (the water bodies are still visible from flights). As the mighty Saraswati dies, people migrate to the Ganga Yamuna doab areas.

Ghaggar (the upper part of saraswati as it is named now) is still there as a thin monsoon time stream. It was the remnant of the Rig Vedic Saraswati river, which used to be a mighty river once which flowed all the way to the modern day Arabian sea. Rig Veda does not mention the drying of the Saraswati River - we can say that the Rig Veda was composed sometime atleast by 2000 BCE, So the forced dating of Rig Veda to1500 BCE is also incorrect.

Saturday, September 13, 2025

Which river is the widest river in the world?

 The widest river in the world is RĂ­o de la Plata or River Plate, formed by the confluence of the Uruguay and ParanĂĄ rivers, and it empties into the Atlantic Ocean. It flows through Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay and Argentina.

The RĂ­o de la Plata is considered by some geographers as a gulf or a marginal sea of the Atlantic Ocean. It is generally considered a river with a maximum width of 230 kilometres at its mouth, and an estuary that drains the second largest basin in South America, after the Amazon basin, and the fifth largest in the world. Its drainage basin plus the basins of its tributaries add up to some 3,200,000 square kilometres, about a fifth of the surface area of the American continent.

The system consists primarily of the ParanĂĄ and Uruguay rivers, which contribute 97% of the total discharge volume, with annual average discharges of 16,000 and 4,000 m3/s respectively.

Wednesday, March 19, 2025

What is the deepest river in the world called?

 


The Congo River is the world's deepest river, with measured depths of around 220 meters (720 ft). It's located in Africa.

The River begins in the highlands of Zambia and ends in the Atlantic Ocean in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

It's the second-longest river in Africa, after the Nile.

Most of the world's great rivers end in a maze-like delta of tributaries, but not the Congo. Its water hits the Atlantic in a single narrow channel, which scientists believe is more than 750 feet deep at some points.

The Basin is an extraordinarily diverse ecosystem. There are over 10,000 species of tropical plants – 30% of which cannot be found anywhere else on earth. Around 400 different mammals and 1,000 species of bird call the basin their home.

Monday, December 16, 2024

ಪ್ರಪಂಚದ ನಌಿ ಾ್ಯಾಸ಼್ೆ

ನಌಿಗಳು ಜೀಾನಌ ಚುಟ್ಟಿನಲ್ಲಿ ಎತ್ತು ಎಾನಾರ ಾಿಕಾಸಌಲ್ಲಿ ನಿರ್ಣಾಯಕವಾಗಿಾೆ. ಅವರು ಕುಥಿಯುಾ ನೀರು, ಆಹಾರ, ರಸಗೊಏ್ಏರ ಎತ್ತು ಸರಕುಗಳನ್ನು ಒಂಌು ಸ಼್ಳಌಿಂಌ ಇನ್ನೊಂದಕ್ಕೆ ಸಾಗಿಸುಾ ಸಾಧನಾನ್ನು ಒದಗಿಸುತ್ತಾರೆ. ನಌಿಗಳು ಅತ್ಯಗತ್ಯ ಪ್ರಾಣಿಗಳ ಆವಾಸಸ಼್ಾನಾಾಗಿಯೂ ಕಾರ್ಯನಿರ್ಾಚಿಸುತ್ತಾೆ. ಎಳೆಕಾಥು ಎತ್ತು ಜೌಗು ಪ್ರಌೇಶಗಳ ಪರಿಸರ ಾಿಜ್ಞಾನಕ್ಕೆ ಅವು ಅತ್ಯಗತ್ಯ.

ಗಂಗಾ ನಌಿ ಾ್ಯಾಸ಼್ೆ

ಖಂಥ: ŕ˛ŕ˛ˇ್ಯಾ
ಌೇಜ: ŕ˛­ಾರತ
ಎೂಲ: ŕ˛—ಂಗೋತ್ರಿ ಗ್ಲೇಸಿಯರ್ (ಚಿಎಾಲಯ ಪರ್ಾತ)
ಉಪನದಿಗಳು:  ŕ˛Żŕ˛Žುನಾ, ರಾಮಗಂಗಾ, ಗೋಎತಿ, ಘಾಘ್ರಾ, ಗಂಡಕ್, ಕೋಸಿ, ಎಚಾನಂಌ
ಥ್ರೈನ್: ŕ˛¸ುಂಌರಏನ್ ಥೆಲ್ಟಾ ಎೂಲಕ ಏಂಗಾಳ ಕೊಲ್ಲಿ
ಗಮನಿಸಿ:
         1. ಇದು ಅಲಕನಂಌಾ ಎತ್ತು ಸಂಗಮದಲ್ಲಿ ಚುಟ್ಟುತ್ತಌೆ ಭಾಗೀರ಼ಿ ನಌಿ
         2. ಇದು ಭಾರತಌ ಅತಿ ಉದ್ಌಌ ನಌಿಯಾಗಿಌೆ

ಏ್ರಚ್ಎಪುತ್ರ ನಌಿ ಾ್ಯಾಸ಼್ೆ

ಖಂಥ: ŕ˛ŕ˛ˇ್ಯಾ
ಌೇಜ: ŕ˛­ಾರತ, ಚೀನಾ, ಏಾಂಗ್ಲಾಌೇಜ
ಎೂಲ: ಎಾನಸ ಸರೋಾರ, ಚಿಎಾಲಯಌ
ಉಪನದಿಗಳ ŕ˛•ೈಲಾಸ ಪರ್ಾತಌ ಏಳಿ : ŕ˛Śಿಏಾಂಗ್ ನಌಿ, ಲೋಚಿತ್ ನಌಿ, ಧನ್ಸಿರಿ ನಌಿ, ಕೊಲೊಂಗ್ ನಌಿ, ಕಾಎೆಂಗ್ ನಌಿ, ಎಾನಸ್ ನಌಿ, ಏೆಕಿ ನಌಿ, ರೈಡಕ್ ನಌಿ, ಜಲ್ಧಕ ನಌಿ , ತೀಸ್ತಾ ನಌಿ, ಸುಏನ್ಸಿರಿ ನಌಿ
ಚರಂಥಿ: ŕ˛…ಂಥಎಾನ್ ಸಎುಌ್ರಌ
ಏುಡಕಟ್ಟುಗಳು ಪತ್ತೆ: ŕ˛•ಾಣೆಯಾಌ, ಅಹೋಎ್

ಗಮನಿಸಿ:
         ŕ˛‡ŕ˛Śŕ˛¨್ನು ಚೀನಾಌಲ್ಲಿ ತ್ಸಾಂಗ್ಪೋ ಎಂಌು ಕರೆಯಲಾಗುತ್ತಌೆ ಎತ್ತು ಎೇಘನಾ ಏಾಂಗ್ಲಾಌೇಜಾಾಗಿಌೆ

ಚಾಂಗ್ ಜಿಯಾಂಗ್ (ಯಾಂಗ್ಟ್ಜಿ) ನಌಿ ಾ್ಯಾಸ಼್ೆ

ಖಂಥ: ŕ˛ŕ˛ˇ್ಯಾ
ಌೇಜ: ŕ˛šೀನಾ
ಎೂಲ: ŕ˛•್ಾಿಂಗ್ಚೈ ಟಿಏೆಟ್ ಪ್ರಸ಼್ಭೂಎಿ
ಉಪನದಿಗಳು: ŕ˛Żŕ˛˛ಾಂಗ್, ಎಿನ್, ಟುಾೊ, ಜಿಯಾಲಿಂಗ್, ಚಾನ್, ಾು, ಯುಾಾನ್, ಝಿ, ಕ್ಸಿಯಾಂಗ್, ಗ್ಯಾನ್, ಚುಾಾಂಗ್ಪು ನಌಿ, ತೀಸ್ತಾ ನಌಿ, ಸುಏಾನ್ಸಿರಿ ನಌಿಯ
ಥ್ರೈನ್: ŕ˛Şೂರ್ಾ ಚೀನಾ ಸಎುಌ್ರ
ಟಿಪ್ಪಣಿ: 
          ಏಷ್ಯಾಌ ಉದ್ಌಾಾಌ ನಌಿ ಎತ್ತು ಾಿಜ್ಾಌ ಎೂರನೇ ಅತಿಌೊಥ್ಥ ನಌಿ
          ಾಿಜ್ಾಌ ಅತಿಌೊಥ್ಥ ಜಲವಿಌ್ಯುತ್ ಕೇಂಌ್ರ (ಎೂರು ಗಾರ್ಜ್ ಅಣೆಕಟ್ಟು) ಸಚ ಇದೆ ಈ ನಌಿಯಲ್ಲಿ

ಚುಾಾಂಗ್ ಚೋ ನಌಿ (ಚಳಌಿ ನಌಿ) ಾ್ಯಾಸ಼್ೆ

ಖಂಥ: ŕ˛ŕ˛ˇ್ಯಾ
ಌೇಜ: ŕ˛šೀನಾ
ಎೂಲ: ŕ˛Źŕ˛Żಾನ್ ಚರ್ ಎೌಂಟೇನ್ (ಕ್ಾಿಂಗ್ಚೈ)
ಉಪನದಿಗಳು: ŕ˛Ťೆನ್ ನಌಿ, ಟಾಾೊ ನಌಿ, ಾೀ ನಌಿಯ
ಥ್ರೈನ್: ŕ˛Źೋಚೈ ಸಎುಌ್ರ
ಟಿಪ್ಪಣಿ: 
          1. ಏಷ್ಯಾ ಎತ್ತು ಎರಡನೇ ಅತಿ ಉದ್ಌಌ ನಌಿ ಎತ್ತು ಾಿಜ್ಾಌ 6 ನೇ ಅತಿ ಉದ್ಌಌ ನಌಿ
          2. ಌುಃಖ ಎಂಌು ಕರೆಯಲಾಗುತ್ತಌೆ ಚೀನಾ ಎತ್ತು "ಚೀನೀ ನಾಗರಿಕತೆಯ ತೊಟ್ಟಿಲು"

ಸಿಂಧೂ ನಌಿ ಾ್ಯಾಸ಼್ೆ

ಖಂಥ: ŕ˛ŕ˛ˇ್ಯಾ
ಌೇಜ: ŕ˛šೀನಾ, ಭಾರತ, ಪಾಕಿಸ್ತಾನ
ಎೂಲ: ŕ˛Žಾನಸರೋಾರ ಸರೋಾರ, ಚಿಎಾಲಯಌ ಕೈಲಾಸ ಪರ್ಾತಌ ಏಳಿ (ಟಿಏೆಟಿಯನ್ ಪ್ರಸ಼್ಭೂಎಿ)
ಉಪನದಿಗಳು: ŕ˛ŕ˛¨್ಸ್ಕರ್ ನಌಿ, ಸುರು ನಌಿ, ಸೋನ್ ನಌಿ, ಝೀಲಂ ನಌಿ, ಚೆನಾಏ್ ನಌಿ, ರಾಿ ನಌಿ, ಏಿಯಾಸ್ ನಌಿ, ಸಟ್ಲೆಜ್ ನಌಿ , ಪಂಜನಾಥ್ ನಌಿ, ಘಗ್ಗರ್-ಹಕ್ರಾ ನಌಿ, ಲುನಿ ನಌಿ, ಜ್ಯೋಕ್ ನಌಿ, ಚುಂಜಾ ನಌಿ, ಗಿಲ್ಗಿಟ್ ನಌಿ, ಸ್ಾಾತ್ ನಌಿ, ಕುನಾರ್ ನಌಿ, ಕಾಏೂಲ್ ನಌಿ, ಕುರ್ರಂ ನಌಿ, ಗೋಎಲ್ ನಌಿ, ಝೋಏ್ ನಌಿ
ಚರಂಥಿ: ŕ˛Şಾಕಿಸ್ತಾನಌಲ್ಲಿ ಅರಬ್ಏಿ ಸಎುಌ್ರ
ಗಮನಿಸಿ:
        1. ಪಾಕಿಸ್ತಾನಌಲ್ಲಿ ಅತಿ ಉದ್ಌಌ ನಌಿ
        2. ಈ ನಌಿ ಪ್ರಾಚೀನ ಭಾರತೀಯ ನಾಗರಿಕತೆಯ ಜನ್ಎಸ಼್ಳಾಾಗಿಌೆ.

ಯೂ಍್ರಟಿಸ್ ನಌಿ ಾ್ಯಾಸ಼್ೆ

ಖಂಥ: ŕ˛ŕ˛ˇ್ಯಾ
ಌೇಜ: ŕ˛‡ŕ˛°ಾಕ್, ಟರ್ಕಿ, ಸಿರಿಯಾ
ಎೂಲ: ŕ˛˛ೇಕ್ ಹಜಾರ್, ಟಾರಸ್ ಪರ್ಾತ, ಪೂರ್ಾ ಟರ್ಕಿ
ಉಪನದಿಗಳು: ŕ˛•ರಾಸು, ಎುರಾತ್, ಟೈಗ್ರಿಸ್ (ಇರಾಕ್)
ಥ್ರೈನ್:  ŕ˛Şŕ˛°್ಡಿಯನ್ ಗಲ್಍್‌ನಲ್ಲಿರುಾ ಜಾಟ್ ಅಲ್-ಅರಬ್
ಗಮನಿಸಿ:
         1. ಎರಡು ಌೊಥ್ಥ ಎೆಸೊಪಟ್ಯಾಎಿಯಾಌ ಪಜ್ಚಿಎ ನಌಿ ನಌಿ
         2. ಇರಾಕ್ ಎತ್ತು ಸಿರಿಯಾಌಲ್ಲಿ ಅತಿ ಉದ್ಌಌ ನಌಿ
         3. ಇದು ಸಂಗಮದಿಂಌ ಚೊರಚೊಎ್ಎುತ್ತಌೆ ಕರಸು ಎತ್ತು ಎುರತ್ ನಌಿಯ

ಟೈಗ್ರಿಸ್ ನಌಿ ಾ್ಯಾಸ಼್ೆ

ಖಂಥ: ŕ˛ŕ˛ˇ್ಯಾ
ಌೇಜ: ŕ˛‡ŕ˛°ಾಕ್, ಟರ್ಕಿ, ಸಿರಿಯಾ
ಎೂಲ: ŕ˛˛ೇಕ್ ಹಜಾರ್, ಟಾರಸ್ ಪರ್ಾತ, ಪೂರ್ಾ ಟರ್ಕಿ
ಉಪನದಿಗಳು: ŕ˛Żೂ಍್ರೇಟ್ಸ್ (ಟರ್ಕಿ), ಶಟ್-ಅಲ್-ಅರಬ್
ಥ್ರೈನ್:  ŕ˛Şŕ˛°್ಡಿಯನ್ ಗಲ್಍್‌ನಲ್ಲಿರುಾ ಜಾಟ್ ಅಲ್-ಅರಬ್
ಗಮನಿಸಿ:
         1. ಅತ್ಯಂತ ಎಚತ್ಾಌ ನಌಿ ಪಜ್ಚಿಎ ಏಷ್ಯಾ ಎತ್ತು ಎಧ್ಯಪ್ರಾಚ್ಯ
         2. ಎರಡು ಌೊಥ್ಥ ಎೆಸೊಪಟ್ಯಾಎಿಯನ್ ನಌಿಗಳ ಪೂರ್ಾ ನಌಿ

ಎೆಕಾಂಗ್ ನಌಿ ಾ್ಯಾಸ಼್ೆ

ಖಂಥ: ŕ˛ŕ˛ˇ್ಯಾ
ಌೇಜ: ŕ˛šೀನಾ, ಎ್ಯಾನ್ಎಾರ್, ಲಾಾೋಸ್, ಼ೈಲ್ಯಾಂಥ್, ಕಾಂಏೋಥಿಯಾ, ಾಿಯೆಟ್ನಾಂ
ಎೂಲ: ŕ˛˛ŕ˛¸ಾಗೊಂಗ್ಎಾ ಸ್ಪ್ರಿಂಗ್
ಉಪನದಿಗಳು: ŕ˛¨ಾಎ್ ಖಾನ್, ಼ಾ, ನಾಎ್ ಔ, ಎುನ್, ಟೊನ್ಲೆ ಸಾಪ್, ಕೊಕ್, ರುಾಾಕ್
ಥ್ರೈನ್: ŕ˛Śŕ˛•್ಡಿಣ ಚೀನಾ ಸಎುಌ್ರ
ಟಿಪ್ಪಣಿ: 
        ಏಷ್ಯಾಌ ಎೂರನೇ ಅತಿ ಉದ್ಌಌ ನಌಿ

ಇರವಡ್ಥಿ ನಌಿ ಾ್ಯಾಸ಼್ೆ

ಖಂಥ: ŕ˛ŕ˛ˇ್ಯಾ
ಌೇಜ: ŕ˛Ž್ಯಾನ್ಎಾರ್
ಎೂಲ: ŕ˛Žಾಲಿ ನಌಿ
ಉಪನದಿಗಳು: ŕ˛šಿಂಥ್ಾಿನ್, ಎು, ಎೈಟ್ಂಗೆ
ಥ್ರೈನ್: ŕ˛…ಂಥಎಾನ್ ಸಎುಌ್ರ
ಟಿಪ್ಪಣಿ: 
        1. ಇದು ಎ್ಯಾನ್ಎಾರ್‌ನ ಅತಿ ಉದ್ಌಌ ನಌಿಯಾಗಿಌೆ
        2. ನ್ಎೈ ಎತ್ತು ಎಾಲಿ ನಌಿಗಳ ಸಂಗಮದಲ್ಲಿ ಚುಟ್ಟುತ್ತಌೆ

ಸಾಲ್ಾೀನ್ ನಌಿ ಾ್ಯಾಸ಼್ೆ

ಖಂಥ: ŕ˛ŕ˛ˇ್ಯಾ
ಌೇಜ: ŕ˛šೀನಾ, ಎ್ಯಾನ್ಎಾರ್, ಼ೈಲ್ಯಾಂಥ್
ಎೂಲ: ŕ˛Ÿಿಏೆಟಿಯನ್ ಪ್ರಸ಼್ಭೂಎಿಯ ತಂಗುಲಾ ಪರ್ವತಗಳು
ಚರಂಥಿ: ಅಂಥಎಾನ್ ಸಎುಌ್ರ
ಟಿಪ್ಪಣಿ: 
         1. ಈ ನಌಿಯನ್ನು ಏರ್ಎಾಌಲ್ಲಿ ಼ಾನ್ಾಿನ್ ಎತ್ತು ಚೀನಾಌಲ್ಲಿ ನು ಎಂಌು ಕರೆಯಲಾಗುತ್ತಌೆ.

ಥ್ನೀಪರ್ ನಌಿ ಾ್ಯಾಸ಼್ೆ

ಖಂಥ: ŕ˛ŕ˛ˇ್ಯಾ
ಌೇಜ: ŕ˛°ŕ˛ˇ್ಯಾ, ಏೆಲಾರಸ್, ಉಕ್ರೇನ್
ಎೂಲ: ŕ˛ľಾಲ್ಥೈ ಏೆಟ್ಟಗಳು (ರಡ್ಯಾ)
ಉಪನದಿಗಳು: ŕ˛¸ೋಜ್, ಥೆಸ್ನಾ, ಟ್ರುಏಿಜ್, ಸುಪಿ, ಸುಲಾ, ಪ್ಸೆಲ್, ಾೊರ್ಸ್ಕ್ಲಾ, ಸಎರಾ, ಕೊಂಕ, ಏಿಲೋಜೆರ್ಕಾ, ಥ್ರುಟ್, ಏೆರೆಜಿನಾ, ಪ್ರಿಪಿಯಾಟ್, ಟೆಟೆರಿಾ್, ಇರ್ಪಿನ್, , ರೋಸ್, ಟಿಯಾಸ್ಎಿನ್, ಬಜಾಾ್ಲುಕ್, ಇನ್ಚುಲೆಟ್ಸ್
ಥ್ರೈನ್: ŕ˛•ಪ್ಪು ಸಎುಌ್ರ

ಓಬ್ ನಌಿ ಾ್ಯಾಸ಼್ೆ

ಖಂಥ: ŕ˛ŕ˛ˇ್ಯಾ
ಌೇಜ: ŕ˛Žŕ˛§್ಯ ರಡ್ಯಾ
ಎೂಲ: ŕ˛…ಲ್ಟಾಯ್ ಪರ್ಾತ
ಉಪನದಿಗಳು: ŕ˛Źಿಯಾ, ಕಟುನ್
ಥ್ರೈನ್: ŕ˛•ಾರಾ ಸಎುಌ್ರ (ಆರ್ಕ್ಟಿಕ್ ಸಾಗರ) ಗಲ್಍್ ಆಫ್ ಓಬ್
ನೋಟ್ ಎೂಲಕ:
        1. ಇದು ಏಿಯಾ ಎತ್ತು ಕಟುನ್ ನಌಿಯ ಸಂಗಮದಲ್ಲಿ ರೂಪುಗೊಳ್ಳುತ್ತಌೆ
        2. 3 ಌೊಥ್ಥ ಸೈಏೀರಿಯನ್ ಪಜ್ಚಿಎ ನಌಿಗಳು

ಲೆನಾ ನಌಿ ಾ್ಯಾಸ಼್ೆ

ಖಂಥ: ŕ˛ŕ˛ˇ್ಯಾ
ಌೇಜ: ŕ˛°ŕ˛ˇ್ಯಾ
ಎೂಲ: ŕ˛Źೈಕಲ್
ಸರೋಾರ ಉಪನದಿಗಳು: ŕ˛•ಿರೆಂಗಾ, ಾಿಲ್ಯುಯ್, ಾಿಟಿಎ್, ಒಲಿಯೋಕ್ಎಾ, ಅಲ್ಥಾನ್
ಥ್ರೈನ್: ŕ˛†ŕ˛°್ಕ್ಟಿಕ್ ಸಾಗರದ ಲ್ಯಾಪ್ಟೆಾ್ ಸಎುಌ್ರ
ಗಮನಿಸಿ: 
         3 ಌೊಥ್ಥ ಸೈಏೀರಿಯನ್ ನಌಿಗಳ ಪೂರ್ಾಭಾಗ

ಅಮುರ್ ನಌಿ ಾ್ಯಾಸ಼್ೆ

ಖಂಥ: ŕ˛ŕ˛ˇ್ಯಾ
ಌೇಜ: ŕ˛°ŕ˛ˇ್ಯಾ, ಚೀನಾ
ಎೂಲ: ŕ˛–ಂಕಾ ಸರೋಾರ
ಉಪನದಿಗಳು: ŕ˛śಿಲ್ಕಾ ನಌಿ, ಝೇಯಾ ನಌಿ, ಏುರೇಯಾ ನಌಿ, ಅಮ್ಗುನ್ ನಌಿ, ಎರ್ಗುನ್ ನಌಿ, ಚುಎಾ ನಌಿ, ಸಾಂಗುಾಾ ನಌಿ, ಉಸುರಿ ನಌಿ
ಥ್ರೈನ್: ŕ˛Ÿಾರ್ಟರ್ ಜಲಸಂಧಿ
ಸೂಚನೆ: 
          1. ಈ ನಌಿಯನ್ನು ಚೀಗೆ ಕರೆಯಲಾಗುತ್ತಌೆ ರಡ್ಯಾಌಲ್ಲಿ ಅಮುರ್ ಎತ್ತು ಚೀನಾಌಲ್ಲಿ ಚೀಲಾಂಗ್ ಜಿಯಾಂಗ್
             ŕ˛‡ŕ˛Śು ಎರಡು ಪ್ರಎುಖ ಪ್ರಾ಼ಎಿಕ ಎೂಲಗಳನ್ನು ಚೊಂಌಿಌೆ:
                   a. ಒನೊನ್ ಎತ್ತು ಜಿಲ್ಕಾ ನಌಿ (ಎಂಗೋಲಿಯಾ ಎತ್ತು ರಡ್ಯಾ)
                   ŕ˛Źಿ. ಖೆರ್ಲೆನ್ ಎತ್ತು ಅರ್ಗಾನ್ ನಌಿ (ಎಂಗೋಲಿಯಾ ಎತ್ತು ಚೀನಾ)
          2. ಇದು ಜಿಲ್ಕಾ ಎತ್ತು ಅರ್ಗಾನ್ ನಌಿಗಳ ಸಂಗಮದಲ್ಲಿ ರೂಪುಗೊಳ್ಳುತ್ತಌೆ

ಇರ್ತಿಜ್ ನಌಿ ಾ್ಯಾಸ಼್ೆ

ಖಂಥ: ŕ˛°ŕ˛ˇ್ಯಾ
ಌೇಜ: ŕ˛Žಂಗೋಲಿಯಾ, ಚೀನಾ, ಕಝಾಕಿಸ್ತಾನ್, ರಡ್ಯಾ
ಎೂಲ: ŕ˛…ಲ್ಟಾಯ್ ಪರ್ಾತ, ಕ್ಸಿನ್‌ಜಿಯಾಂಗ್, ಚೀನಾ
ಉಪನದಿಗಳು: ŕ˛Ÿೊಏೋಲ್ ನಌಿ, ಥೆಎಿಯಾಂಕಾ ನಌಿ ಎತ್ತು ಇಶಿಎ್ ನಌಿ
ಥ್ರೈನ್: ŕ˛“ಏ್ ನಌಿ

ಉರಲ್ ನಌಿ ಾ್ಯಾಸ಼್ೆ

ಖಂಥ: ŕ˛ŕ˛ˇ್ಯಾ
ಌೇಜ: ŕ˛°ŕ˛ˇ್ಯಾ, ಕಝಾಕಿಸ್ತಾನ್
ಎೂಲ: ŕ˛°ŕ˛ˇ್ಯಾಌ ಉರಲ್ ಎೌಂಟೇನ್
ಥ್ರೈನ್:  ŕ˛•್ಯಾಸ್ಪಿಯನ್ ಸಎುಌ್ರ
ಗಮನಿಸಿ: 
         1. ಯುರೇಡಿಯಾಌ ಪ್ರಎುಖ ನಌಿ
         2. ಇದು ಏಷ್ಯಾ ಎತ್ತು ಯುರೋಪ್ನ ಕೆಲಾು ಭಾಗಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಗಡಿಯನ್ನು ರೂಪಿಸುತ್ತಌೆ

ಯೆನಿಸೀ ನಌಿ ಾ್ಯಾಸ಼್ೆ

ಌೇಜ: ŕ˛Žಂಗೋಲಿಯಾ, ಎಧ್ಯ ರಡ್ಯಾ
ಎೂಲ: ŕ˛Žುಂಗಾರಗಿನ್ ಗೋಲ್ ಪರ್ವತಗಳು, ಎಂಗೋಲಿಯಾ
ಉಪನದಿಗಳು: ŕ˛…ಂಗರಾ, ಲೋಾರ್ ತುಂಗುಸ್ಕಾ, ಸ್ಟೋನಿ ತುಂಗುಸ್ಕಾ ನಌಿಯ
ಥ್ರೈನ್: ŕ˛Żೆನಿಸೀ ಗಲ್಍್ ಎೂಲಕ ಕಾರಾ ಸಎುಌ್ರ
ಗಮನಿಸಿ: 
         ŕ˛Źಿಗ್ ಯೆನಿಸೀ/ಏಿಐ ಖೇಎ್ ಎತ್ತು ಪುಟ್ಟ ಯೆನಿಸೀ/ಕಾ-ನ ಸಂಗಮದಲ್ಲಿ ರೂಪಗಳು ಖೇಎ್ ನಌಿ

ಾೋಲ್ಗಾ ನಌಿ ಾ್ಯಾಸ಼್ೆ

ಖಂಥ: ŕ˛Żುರೋಪ್
ಌೇಜ: ŕ˛°ŕ˛ˇ್ಯಾ
ಎೂಲ: ŕ˛ľಾಲ್ಥೈ ಚಿಲ್ಸ್, ಎಾಸ್ಕೋಌ ಈಜಾನ್ಯ (ರಡ್ಯಾ)
ಉಪನದಿಗಳು: ŕ˛•ಾಎ ನಌಿ, ಓಕಾ ನಌಿ
ಥ್ರೈನ್: ŕ˛•್ಯಾಸ್ಪಿಯನ್ ಸಎುಌ್ರ
ಟಿಪ್ಪಣಿ:
         ŕ˛Żುರೋಪ್ ಎತ್ತು ರಡ್ಯಾಌಲ್ಲಿ ಅತಿ ಉದ್ಌಌ ನಌಿ

ಥ್ಯಾನ್ಯೂಏ್ ನಌಿ ಾ್ಯಾಸ಼್ೆ

ಖಂಥ: ŕ˛Żುರೋಪ್
ಌೇಜ: ŕ˛œŕ˛°್ಎನಿ, ಆಸ್ಟ್ರಿಯಾ, ಸ್ಲೋಾಾಕಿಯಾ, ಚಂಗೇರಿ, ಕ್ರೊಯೇಡಿಯಾ, ಸೆರ್ಏಿಯಾ, ಏಲ್ಗೇರಿಯಾ, ರೊಎೇನಿಯಾ, ಎೊಲ್ಥೊಾಾ, ಉಕ್ರೇನ್
ಎೂಲ: ŕ˛Şŕ˛ś್ಚಿಎ ಜರ್ಎನಿಯ ಏ್ಲಾಕ್ ಍ಾರೆಸ್ಟ್ ಪರ್ಾತ
ಉಪನದಿಗಳು: ŕ˛Ź್ರೆಗ್ ನಌಿ, ಏ್ರಿಗಾಚ್ ನಌಿ, ಜುಸಾಎ್, ಡ್ಮಟರ್ ನಌಿ, ಚಾಪ್‌಍ೆನ್‌ಏಾಚ್ ನಌಿ:
ಥ್ರಾಯಿನ್ ŕ˛¨ŕ˛Śಿ ಸಎುಌ್ರ
ಟಿಪ್ಪಣಿ:
          1. ಯುರೋಪ್‌ನಲ್ಲಿ ಎರಡನೇ ಅತಿ ಉದ್ಌಌ ನಌಿ
           2. ಏರ್ಗ್ ಎತ್ತು ಏ್ರಿಗಾಚ್ ನಌಿಗಳ ಸಂಗಮದಿಂಌ ರೂಪಗಳು

ರೈನ್ ನಌಿ ಾ್ಯಾಸ಼್ೆ

ಖಂಥ: ŕ˛Żುರೋಪ್
ಌೇಜ: ŕ˛¸್ಾಿಟ್ಜರ್ಲೆಂಥ್, ಲಿಚ್ಟೆನ್‌ಸ್ಟೈನ್, ಆಸ್ಟ್ರಿಯಾ, ಜರ್ಎನಿ, ಍್ರಾನ್ಸ್ ಎತ್ತು ನೆಌರ್‌ಲ್ಯಾಂಥ್ಸ್
ಎೂಲ: ŕ˛†ŕ˛˛್ಪ್ಸ್ ಪರ್ಾತಌ ರಿ಍್ಟ್ ಕಣಿಾೆ
ಥ್ರೈನ್: ŕ˛‰ŕ˛¤್ತರ ಸಎುಌ್ರಌ
ಟಿಪ್ಪಣಿ:
          1. ಸ್ಾಿಟ್ಜರ್‌ಲ್ಯಾಂಥ್‌ನಲ್ಲಿ ರೀನ್ ಆಂಟೇರಿಯುರ್/ಾೋರ್ಥೆರ್ಚೆನ್ ಎತ್ತು ರೀನ್ ಪೋಸ್ಟರ್‌ಚಿನ್ಟರ್ 2 ನಌಿಗಳ ಸಂಗಮದಲ್ಲಿ ರೂಪಗಳು
          . ಯುರೋಪಿನ ಅತ್ಯಂತ ಜನನಿಏಿಥ ಜಲಮಾರ್ಗ ನಌಿ 
          3. ಾಿಜ್ಾಌ ಅತ್ಯಂತ ಜನನಿಏಿಥ ಏಂಌರು ರೋಟರ್‌ಥ್ಯಾಎ್ (ನೆಌರ್‌ಲ್ಯಾಂಥ್ಸ್) ಈ ನಌಿಯಲ್ಲಿಌೆ.

ನೈಲ್ ನಌಿ ಾ್ಯಾಸ಼್ೆ

ಖಂಥ: ŕ˛†ŕ˛Ť್ರಿಕಾ
ಌೇಜ: ŕ˛ˆŕ˛œಿಪ್ಟ್, ಸುಥಾನ್, ದಕ್ಡಿಣ ಸುಥಾನ್, ಇಥಿಯೋಪಿಯಾ, ಉಗಾಂಥಾ, ಕಾಂಗೋ, ಕೀನ್ಯಾ, ತಾಂಜಾನಿಯಾ, ರುಾಾಂಥಾ, ಏುರುಂಥಿ, ಎರಿಟ್ರಿಯಾ
ಎೂಲ: ŕ˛¨ೀಲಿ ನೈಲ್ ಎತ್ತು ಏಿಳಿ ನೈಲ್
ಉಪನದಿಗಳು: ŕ˛ľೈಟ್ ನೈಲ್ ಎತ್ತು ಏ್ಲೂ ನೈಲ್
ಥ್ರೈನ್: ŕ˛Žೆಥಿಟರೇನಿಯನ್ ಸಎುಌ್ರ
ಟಿಪ್ಪಣಿ: 
         1 .ಆಫ್ರಿಕಾಌ ಅತಿ ಉದ್ಌಌ ನಌಿ
         2. ನೈಲ್ ನಌಿಯು ಾಿಜ್ಾಌ ಅತಿ ಉದ್ಌಌ ನಌಿಯಾಗಿಌೆ

ಅಮೆಜಾನ್ ನಌಿ ಾ್ಯಾಸ಼್ೆ

ಖಂಥ: ŕ˛Śŕ˛•್ಡಿಣ ಅಮೇರಿಕಾ
ಌೇಜ: ŕ˛Şೆರು, ಈಕ್ಾೆಥಾರ್, ಕೊಲಂಏಿಯಾ, ಏೊಲಿಾಿಯಾ, ಏ್ರೆಜಿಲ್
ಎೂಲ: ŕ˛Şೆರು ಉಪನದಿಗಳಲ್ಲಿನ ಆಂಥಿಸ್ ಪರ್ಾತ ಜ್ರೇಣಿಗಳು
: ŕ˛Şುರುಸ್, ಎರನಾನ್, ಜಪುರ/ಕಾಕ್ಾೆಟಾ, ರಿಯೊ ನೀಗ್ರೊ/ಗುಾಾನಿಯಾ, ಪುಟುಎಾಯೊ, ಉಕಯಾಲಿ, ಪುರುಸ್, ಎಥೇರಾ, ಕ್ಸರಿಂಗ್,
ತಪಾಸ್: ŕ˛…ŕ˛Ÿ್ಲಾಂಟಿಕ್ ಸಾಗರದ
ಸೂಚನೆ: 
         1. ದಕ್ಡಿಣ ಅಮೆರಿಕಾಌಲ್ಲಿ ಅತಿ ಉದ್ಌಌ ನಌಿ ಎತ್ತು ಾಿಜ್ಾಌ ಎರಡನೇ ಅತಿ ಉದ್ಌಌ ನಌಿ.
         2. ಅಮೆಜಾನ್ ನಌಿಯ ಜಲಾನಯನ ಪ್ರಌೇಜಾು ಾಿಜ್ಾಌಲ್ಲೇ ಅತಿ ಌೊಥ್ಥ ಒಳಚರಂಥಿ ಜಲಾನಯನ ಪ್ರಌೇಜಾನ್ನು ಚೊಂಌಿಌೆ.
         3. ಎನೌಸ್ ಎತ್ತು ಈಕ್ಾಿಟಾಸ್ ಈ ನಌಿಯ ಏಂಌರು.

ಏುಡಕಟ್ಟುಗಳು ಕಂಥುಏಂಌಿಾೆ: ŕ˛Żಾನೊಎಾಎೊ, ಕಯಾಪೊ, ಗೈಕಾಸ್

ಎಿಸೌರಿ ನಌಿ ಾ್ಯಾಸ಼್ೆ

ಖಂಥ: ŕ˛‰ŕ˛¤್ತರ ಅಮೇರಿಕಾ
ಌೇಜ: ŕ˛‰ŕ˛¤್ತರ ಅಮೇರಿಕಾ, ಯುನೈಟೆಥ್ ಸ್ಟೇಟ್ಸ್ ಆಫ್ ಅಮೇರಿಕಾ (USA)
ಎೂಲ: ŕ˛°ಾಕಿ ಎೌಂಟೇನ್
ಉಪನದಿಗಳು: ŕ˛œೆ಍ರ್ಸನ್, ಎ್ಯಾಥಿಸನ್, ಗ್ಯಾಲಟಿನ್
ಥ್ರೈನ್: 
ಗಮನಿಸಿ: 
         1. ಇದು ಎಿಸ್ಸಿಸ್ಸಿಪ್ಪಿ ನಌಿಯ ಅತಿ ಉದ್ಌಌ ಉಪನದಿಯಾಗಿಌೆ.
         2. ಎಿಸ್ಸಿಸ್ಸಿಪ್ಪಿ-ಎಿಸೌರಿ ನಌಿ ಾ್ಯಾಸ಼್ೆಯು 6274 ಕಿಎೀ ಾ್ಯಾಪ್ತಿಯನ್ನು ಚೊಂಌಿರುಾ ಾಿಜ್ಾಌ 4 ನೇ ಅತಿ ಉದ್ಌಌ ನಌಿ ಾ್ಯಾಸ಼್ೆಯನ್ನು ರೂಪಿಸುತ್ತಌೆ.
         3. ನ್ಯೂ ಓರ್ಲಿಯನ್ಸ್ ಏಂಌರು ಈ ನಌಿಯಲ್ಲಿಌೆ.

ಎಿಸ್ಸಿಸ್ಸಿಪ್ಪಿ ನಌಿ ಾ್ಯಾಸ಼್ೆ

ಖಂಥ: ŕ˛‰ŕ˛¤್ತರ ಅಮೇರಿಕಾ
ಌೇಜ: ŕ˛•ೆನಥಾ, ಯುನೈಟೆಥ್ ಸ್ಟೇಟ್ಸ್ ಆಫ್ ಅಮೇರಿಕಾ (ಯುಎಸ್ಎ)
ಎೂಲ: ŕ˛Žಿನ್ನೇಸೋಟದ ಇಟಾಸ್ಕಾ ಸರೋಾರ, ಯುಎಸ್
ಉಪನದಿಗಳು: ŕ˛…ರ್ಕಾನ್ಸಾಸ್, ಇಲಿನಾಯ್ಸ್, ಎಿಸೌರಿ (ಪಜ್ಚಿಎಌಿಂಌ ಸೇಂಟ್ ಲೂಯಿಸ್, ಓಹಿಯೋಌಲ್ಲಿ ಸೇರಿ (ಕೈರೋಌಲ್ಲಿ ಪೂರ್ಾಌಿಂಌ ಸೇರಿ) ಎತ್ತು ಕೆಂಪು ನಌಿಗಳು
ಏರಿಌಾಗುತ್ತಾೆ: ŕ˛Śŕ˛•್ಡಿಣಌ ಕಡೆಗೆ ಚರಿಯುತ್ತಌೆ ಎತ್ತು ಗಲ್಍್ ಆಫ್ ಎೆಕ್ಸಿಕೋಌಲ್ಲಿ ಚರಿಯುತ್ತಌೆ
ಗಮನಿಸಿ: 
         1. ಇದು US ಎತ್ತು ಉತ್ತರ ಅಮೆರಿಕಾಌಲ್ಲಿ ಎರಡನೇ ಅತಿ ಉದ್ಌಌ ನಌಿಯಾಗಿಌೆ 
         2. ಇದು ಪ್ರಪಂಚದ ಎತ್ತು ಉತ್ತರ ಅಮೆರಿಕಾಌ ಌೊಥ್ಥ ಾಾಣಿಜ್ಯ ಜಲಮಾರ್ಗಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಒಂಌಾಗಿಌೆ.