Earth intercepts just one part in 2.2 billion of the Sun's energy. If we trapped the rest and fired it at Earth, the oceans would flash-boil and the crust would instantly vaporize.
Because the Sun is a sphere, it radiates energy equally in all directions. While the question suggests the Sun is 500 times larger than Earth, the disparity is actually far greater: the Sun's diameter is 109 times that of Earth, and its total volume could fit 1.3 million Earths inside. Located 93 million miles away, Earth is a tiny target in the solar system. The overwhelming majority of solar radiation misses the planet entirely. A small fraction strikes other celestial bodies and dust, but most travels endlessly into deep space.
The concept of trapping all of a star's light is a recognized idea in theoretical astrophysics known as a Dyson Sphere. Proposed by physicist Freeman Dyson in 1960, a Dyson Sphere is a hypothetical megastructure—a vast shell or swarm of solar collectors built to completely enclose a star and harness 100 percent of its power.
If such a structure were built around the Sun and programmed to focus all of that trapped energy into a single beam directed at Earth, the event would destroy the planet. The Sun produces about 384 yottawatts (3.84 × 10²⁶ watts) of power continuously. Earth normally receives roughly 173 petawatts. Focusing the entire 360-degree output onto Earth would subject the planet to 2.2 billion times its normal dose of solar radiation.
Under the intense radiation pressure, the atmosphere would strip away instantly. The sheer volume of incoming heat would quickly melt the planet's crust into magma before vaporizing the rock itself into gas. The concentrated beam would then push the superheated plasma apart, completely obliterating the planet and leaving behind an expanding cloud of glowing debris.