The Great Kesariya stupa of India

 Constructed around the 3rd century BCE (approximately 2,200 years ago) during the reign of the Mauryan Emperor Ashoka the Great, the Kesariya Stupa was one of the tallest stupas built in India and possibly the tallest in the world at the time. When it was discovered, the Kesariya Stupa's height was about 130 feet, but after the 1930 earthquake and continuous natural disasters, its present-day height is around 103 feet. According to the accounts of Faxian and Xuanzang, the height of the Kesariya Stupa was estimated to be between 200 and 300 feet, which could be somewhat plausible since no one knows how many earthquakes and catastrophes this ancient marvel has endured while still standing tall after 2,200 years.

Also the main feature of this marvel was headless buddha statue between each step and gaps, showing ancient Indian architecture and designs which they use to decorate the stupa,

Kesariya Stupa exhibits numerous architectural parallels with the Buddhist temple of Borobudur in Indonesia, like mandapa Both monuments share a circular mandala form with terraces containing figures of Buddha in the niches. Like Borobodur, Kesariya is also built atop of a hill. The excavated chambers at Kesariya show a combination of statues in bhumisparsha and dhyanimudra on the same side, whereas Borobudur houses four Jina Buddhas, displaying their respective mudras on the four sides of the monuments, also In addition, a large stone slab that is black in colour was also discovered at Kesaria. This contained a script from the 10th-12th known as Siddhamātṛkā that was used in Java, Both sites use a combination of square and circular terraces, although Kesaria is dominated by more circular forms. Both sites do not have their tops visible from the ground level, follow numerological patterns, and have roughly the same dimensions as well. Showing they have one basic foundation plan to create both, During pala empire rule over bihar the design of Kesariya stupa it reach sri vijaya where they created Borobodur temple,(we should celebrate that indonesian brother refine the design of Kesariya stupa to really creating a New grand architecture called borobudur temple which was now UNESCO world heritage site, pakistan and Bangladesh need to learn from our Indonesia brother who not only cherish there ancestors culture and refine it but also protect it.)

I hope Indian government do necessary restoration on it(like indonesia govt do on Borobodur Temple in Indonesia), as it was one of pride of ancient India which need to be protected, or it will again get damaged more, this stupa name and its glory should be in UNESCO world heritage site list like Borobudur temple was,but sadly it was still in ruins, many people in india don't even know about, which was very sad, it was one of four great Maurya empire surviving marvel followed by the great Sanchi stupa, Mahabodhi temple, barbar caves.

Kesariya stupa built around 2200 yrs ago( faxian and xuanzhang all wrote about it and it's grandness)

Borobodur temple build around 750 ce around 1275 yrs ago during reign of Shailendra dynasty

Detail design of kesaria stupa at first and then second design was of Borobudur temple showing similarities between those two

ಇದುವರೆಗಿನ ಅತ್ಯಂತ ಭಯಾನಕ ತಪ್ಪಿಸಿಕೊಳ್ಳುವಿಕೆಗಳು ಯಾವುವು?

 ೧೬೬೬ ರಲ್ಲಿ, ಮರಾಠಾ ಸಾಮ್ರಾಜ್ಯದ ಸ್ಥಾಪಕ ಛತ್ರಪತಿ ಶಿವಾಜಿ ಮಹಾರಾಜರು, ಆಗ್ರಾದಲ್ಲಿ ಮೊಘಲ್ ಚಕ್ರವರ್ತಿ ಔರಂಗಜೇಬನ ರಾಜಮನೆತನಕ್ಕೆ ಭೇಟಿ ನೀಡಿ, ಅಮೇರ್‌ನ ರಜಪೂತ ದೊರೆ ಮತ್ತು ಡೆಕ್ಕನ್‌ನಲ್ಲಿ ಔರಂಗಜೇಬನ ಸೈನ್ಯದ ಸೇನಾಧಿಪತಿಯಾಗಿದ್ದ ಜೈ ಸಿಂಗ್ I ರೊಂದಿಗೆ ಪುರಂದರ ಒಪ್ಪಂದಕ್ಕೆ ಸಹಿ ಹಾಕಿದ ನಂತರ, ಎರಡೂ ಪಕ್ಷಗಳಿಗೆ ಪ್ರಯೋಜನವಾಗುವ ನಿಯಮಗಳನ್ನು ಚರ್ಚಿಸಲು ಚಕ್ರವರ್ತಿಯನ್ನು ಭೇಟಿಯಾದರು.

ಆದರೆ, ಔರಂಗಜೇಬನು ಅವನೊಂದಿಗೆ ಅತ್ಯಂತ ಅಗೌರವದಿಂದ ವರ್ತಿಸಿದನು. ಶಿವಾಜಿಯನ್ನು ಯುದ್ಧದಲ್ಲಿ ಈಗಾಗಲೇ ಸೋಲಿಸಿದ್ದ ತುಲನಾತ್ಮಕವಾಗಿ ಕೆಳ ದರ್ಜೆಯ ಶ್ರೀಮಂತರ ಪಕ್ಕದಲ್ಲಿ ನಿಲ್ಲಿಸಲಾಯಿತು. ಇದರಿಂದ ಮನನೊಂದ ಶಿವಾಜಿ ಇದನ್ನು ಪ್ರತಿಭಟಿಸಿ ನ್ಯಾಯಾಲಯದಿಂದ ಹೊರಗೆ ಹೋದನು.

ಹೀಗಾಗಿ, ಔರಂಗಜೇಬನು ಅವನನ್ನು ಮತ್ತು ಅವನ ಮಗ ಸಂಭಾಜಿ ಮಹಾರಾಜನನ್ನು ಗೃಹಬಂಧನದಲ್ಲಿರಿಸಿದನು. ಮರಾಠರ ಬೆದರಿಕೆಯನ್ನು ಶಾಶ್ವತವಾಗಿ ಕೊನೆಗೊಳಿಸಲು ಔರಂಗಜೇಬನು ಅವನನ್ನು ಕೊಲ್ಲಲು ಉದ್ದೇಶಿಸಿದನು ಆದರೆ ಜೈ ಸಿಂಗ್ ಶಿವಾಜಿಗೆ ಯಾವುದೇ ಹಾನಿ ಮಾಡುವುದಿಲ್ಲ ಎಂದು ಮಾತು ಕೊಟ್ಟಿದ್ದರಿಂದ ಅದನ್ನು ತಕ್ಷಣವೇ ಮಾಡಲು ಸಾಧ್ಯವಾಗಲಿಲ್ಲ. ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ, ಔರಂಗಜೇಬನು ಅವನನ್ನು ಮಹಲಿನೊಳಗೆ ಕೊಲ್ಲಲು ಅಥವಾ ಕಾಬೂಲ್‌ಗೆ ಅಭಿಯಾನಕ್ಕೆ ಕಳುಹಿಸಿ ದಾರಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ಕೊಲ್ಲಲು ಯೋಚಿಸಿದನು.

ಆದಾಗ್ಯೂ, ಔರಂಗಜೇಬನಿಗೆ ತಾನು ಯಾರೊಂದಿಗೆ ವ್ಯವಹರಿಸುತ್ತಿದ್ದೇನೆಂದು ತಿಳಿದಿರಲಿಲ್ಲ. ಶಿವಾಜಿ ಒಬ್ಬ ನಿಪುಣ ತಂತ್ರಜ್ಞ. ಅವನು ಔರಂಗಜೇಬನ ಉದ್ದೇಶಗಳನ್ನು ಚೆನ್ನಾಗಿ ಅರ್ಥಮಾಡಿಕೊಂಡನು. ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ, ಅವನು ತಪ್ಪಿಸಿಕೊಳ್ಳಲು ನಿರ್ಧರಿಸಿದನು, ಅದಕ್ಕಾಗಿ ಅವನು ಒಂದು ಬುದ್ಧಿವಂತ ಯೋಜನೆಯನ್ನು ರೂಪಿಸಿದನು.

ಶಿವಾಜಿ ತನ್ನ ತುಕಡಿಯನ್ನು ಮನೆಗೆ ವಾಪಸ್ ಕಳುಹಿಸಿದನು ಮತ್ತು ಸ್ವಲ್ಪ ಸಮಯದ ನಂತರ, ಅಸ್ವಸ್ಥನಂತೆ ನಟಿಸಿದನು. ವೈದ್ಯರು ಚಿಕಿತ್ಸೆ ನೀಡುತ್ತಿದ್ದರೂ, ತನ್ನ ಸ್ಥಿತಿ ಸುಧಾರಿಸುತ್ತಿಲ್ಲ ಎಂದು ಅವನು ಹೇಳಿದನು. ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ, ಹಣ್ಣುಗಳು ಮತ್ತು ಸಿಹಿತಿಂಡಿಗಳಿಂದ ತುಂಬಿದ ದೊಡ್ಡ ಬುಟ್ಟಿಗಳನ್ನು ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮಣರು ಮತ್ತು ಫಕೀರರಿಗೆ ವಿತರಿಸಲು ಕಳುಹಿಸಲು ಪ್ರಾರಂಭಿಸಿದನು, ಇದರಿಂದ ಅವರು ಅವನ ಚೇತರಿಕೆಗಾಗಿ ಪ್ರಾರ್ಥಿಸುತ್ತಾರೆ. ಈ ಬುಟ್ಟಿಗಳನ್ನು ಕೆಲವು ಕುದುರೆಗಳು ಹೊತ್ತೊಯ್ಯುತ್ತಿದ್ದವು ಮತ್ತು ಇಡೀ ವಿತರಣೆಯನ್ನು ಅವನ ಕೆಲವು ಜನರು ಉಳಿಯಲು ನಿರ್ಧರಿಸಿದ್ದರು. ಆರಂಭದಲ್ಲಿ, ಕಾವಲುಗಾರರು ಬುಟ್ಟಿಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಏನಾದರೂ ಮೀನಿಗಾಗಿ ಪರಿಶೀಲಿಸುತ್ತಿದ್ದರು, ಆದರೆ ಅಂತಿಮವಾಗಿ, ಅವರು ಅವುಗಳನ್ನು ಪರಿಶೀಲಿಸುವುದನ್ನು ನಿಲ್ಲಿಸಿದರು.

ನಂತರ, ಆಗಸ್ಟ್ ೧೬೬೬ ರಲ್ಲಿ, ಶಿವಾಜಿ ತನ್ನನ್ನು ಒಂದು ಬುಟ್ಟಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ಮತ್ತು ತನ್ನ ಮಗನನ್ನು ಇನ್ನೊಂದು ಬುಟ್ಟಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ಹಾಕಿಕೊಂಡನು, ಮತ್ತು ಇಬ್ಬರೂ ಯಾವುದೇ ಹಾನಿಯಾಗದಂತೆ ಪಾರಾದರು.

ಆಗ್ರಾದಿಂದ ತಪ್ಪಿಸಿಕೊಂಡ ನಂತರ, ಅವರು ತಮ್ಮ ಕುದುರೆಗಳನ್ನು ಹತ್ತಿ ಮಥುರಾಗೆ ವೇಗವಾಗಿ ಹೋದರು. ಅಲ್ಲಿ, ಅವರು ತಪಸ್ವಿಗಳಂತೆ ವೇಷ ಧರಿಸಿ ಬನಾರಸ್ (ವಾರಣಾಸಿ) ಗೆ ತೆರಳಿದರು. ಅಲ್ಲಿಂದ, ಅವರು ಅಂತಿಮವಾಗಿ ರಾಯ್‌ಗಢ (ಮರಾಠಾ ಪ್ರದೇಶ) ತಲುಪಿದರು ಮತ್ತು ಸ್ವಲ್ಪ ಸಮಯದ ನಂತರ, ಮೊಘಲ್-ಮರಾಠಾ ಸಂಘರ್ಷವನ್ನು ಪುನರಾರಂಭಿಸಿದರು.

ಶಿವಾಜಿ ಪರಾರಿಯಾಗಿದ್ದಾನೆಂದು ಔರಂಗಜೇಬನಿಗೆ ಬಹಳ ಸಮಯದ ನಂತರ ತಿಳಿದುಬಂದು, ಅವನು ಕಾವಲು ಕಾಯಲು ಆದೇಶಿಸಿದನು. ಆದರೆ, ಅವನಿಗೆ ತುಂಬಾ ದುಃಖವಾಯಿತು, ಏಕೆಂದರೆ ಆ ಹೊತ್ತಿಗೆ ಶಿವಾಜಿ ಅವನ ಕೈಗೆಟುಕುವ ದೂರದಲ್ಲಿದ್ದನು.

ಔರಂಗಜೇಬನ ಸಮಕಾಲೀನ ಕಾಫಿ ಖಾನ್ ಬರೆದ ಮುಂತಖಾಬು-ಎಲ್-ಲುಬಾಬ್ ಎಂಬ ಮೊಘಲ್ ಮೂಲವು ಈ ಪಲಾಯನದ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಮಾತನಾಡುತ್ತದೆ:

ಈ ಪಲಾಯನವು ಔರಂಗಜೇಬನಿಗೆ ತಕ್ಷಣ ಮತ್ತು ದೀರ್ಘಾವಧಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ದೊಡ್ಡ ಹೊಡೆತವಾಗಿತ್ತು. ಜೊತೆಗೆ, ಇದು ಇತರ ಸಾಮ್ರಾಜ್ಯಗಳ ದೃಷ್ಟಿಯಲ್ಲಿಯೂ ಸಹ ಅವನಿಗೆ ಸಂಪೂರ್ಣ ಅವಮಾನವನ್ನುಂಟುಮಾಡಿತು. ಉದಾಹರಣೆಗೆ, ಶಿವಾಜಿಯನ್ನು ನಿಗ್ರಹಿಸಲು ಅಸಮರ್ಥನಾಗಿದ್ದಕ್ಕಾಗಿ ಔರಂಗಜೇಬನನ್ನು ಅಪಹಾಸ್ಯ ಮಾಡುವ ಇರಾನಿನ ಸಫಾವಿದ್ ಚಕ್ರವರ್ತಿ ಷಾ ಅಬ್ಬಾಸ್ II ರ ಪತ್ರ ಇಲ್ಲಿದೆ:

ಅವರು ಹೇಳುವ ಭಾಗವನ್ನು ಗಮನಿಸಿ:

ನೀನು ನಿನ್ನ ತಂದೆಯನ್ನು ಗೆದ್ದು ನಿನ್ನ ಸಹೋದರರ ಹತ್ಯೆಯಿಂದ ಮನಸ್ಸಿನ ಶಾಂತಿಯನ್ನು ಪಡೆದುಕೊಂಡಿರುವಾಗ, ನಿನ್ನನ್ನು ನೀನು ಲೋಕವಿಜಯಶಾಲಿ [ಅಲಂಗೀರ್] ಎಂದು ಬಿಂಬಿಸಿಕೊಳ್ಳುತ್ತೀಯ.

ಶಿವಾಜಿ ಮಹಾರಾಜ ಮತ್ತು ಅವರ ಮಗ ಸಂಭಾಜಿ ಮಹಾರಾಜ (ಔರಂಗಜೇಬನು ಅವರನ್ನು ಕ್ರೂರವಾಗಿ ಹಿಂಸಿಸಿ ಗಲ್ಲಿಗೇರಿಸಿದ್ದನು, ಇದರ ಪರಿಣಾಮವಾಗಿ ಮರಾಠರು ಕ್ರೂರವಾಗಿ ಪ್ರತೀಕಾರ ತೀರಿಸಿಕೊಂಡನು) ಇಬ್ಬರೂ ಬದುಕಿದ್ದರೂ, ಔರಂಗಜೇಬನು ಮರಾಠರನ್ನು ಎಂದಿಗೂ ನಿಗ್ರಹಿಸಲು ಸಾಧ್ಯವಾಗಲಿಲ್ಲ.

ಅವರು ತಮ್ಮ 88 ನೇ ವಯಸ್ಸಿನಲ್ಲಿ ದೆಹಲಿಯಿಂದ ಮೈಲುಗಳಷ್ಟು ದೂರದಲ್ಲಿರುವ ಡೆಕ್ಕನ್ ಪ್ರದೇಶದಲ್ಲಿ ಮರಾಠರನ್ನು ಹತ್ತಿಕ್ಕಲು ಪ್ರಯತ್ನಿಸುತ್ತಾ, ಆದರೆ ವಿಫಲರಾಗಿ ಮುರಿದ ವ್ಯಕ್ತಿಯಾಗಿ ನಿಧನರಾದರು. ಮರಣಶಯ್ಯೆಯಲ್ಲಿದ್ದಾಗಲೂ, ಔರಂಗಜೇಬ್ ಶಿವಾಜಿಯ ಪಲಾಯನದ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಮತ್ತು ಅದು ಮುಂದಿನ ವರ್ಷಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಅವರ ದೊಡ್ಡ ತೊಂದರೆಯ ಮೂಲವಾಗಿ ಪರಿಣಮಿಸಿದ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಮಾತನಾಡಿದರು:

( “TWELFTH” ನೋಡಿ. ಅಲ್ಲಿ ಅವರು ತಪ್ಪಿಸಿಕೊಳ್ಳುವ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಮಾತನಾಡುತ್ತಾರೆ )

ಛತ್ರಪತಿ ಶಿವಾಜಿ ಮಹಾರಾಜರು ಆಗ್ರಾದಿಂದ ಅದ್ಭುತವಾಗಿ ತಪ್ಪಿಸಿಕೊಂಡು ಮೊಘಲರೊಂದಿಗಿನ ಅವರ ಯುದ್ಧವನ್ನು ಪುನರಾರಂಭಿಸಿದ್ದು, ಮುಂಬರುವ ವರ್ಷಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಉಪಖಂಡದ ಭವಿಷ್ಯವನ್ನು ರೂಪಿಸಿತು. ಔರಂಗಜೇಬನ ಮರಣದ ನಂತರ ಮೊಘಲ್ ಸಾಮ್ರಾಜ್ಯವು ಅವನತಿ ಹೊಂದಲು ಪ್ರಾರಂಭಿಸಿತು ಮತ್ತು ಕೆಲವು ವರ್ಷಗಳ ನಂತರ, ಅದು ಸಂಪೂರ್ಣವಾಗಿ ಕುಸಿಯಿತು. ಈ ಮಧ್ಯೆ, ಮರಾಠರು, ಅವರು ಇದೀಗಷ್ಟೇ ಪ್ರಾರಂಭಿಸುತ್ತಿದ್ದರು.

The Great Indian Empires

 Which of these great Indian Empires do you know about in detail?

Yes and it is an urgent need to correct Indian History before it is late. India is a 5000 year old civilization with great Empires and with wonderful achievements but unfortunately most Indians know nothing about their glorious past and the glorification of invaders instead only ensures that generations of Indians won't feel a sense of pride about their history. An Indian should end of the day feel proud of reading our nation's 5000 year old past but that feeling is rarely instilled in the minds of Indians.

The trouble began when Congress came to power in 1947 (in a farce of democracy it was going to come to power being a British founded and funded party) and they taught history as per the agenda of their colonial reporting bosses or as per the agenda of their minority vote banks in which they painted the picture of the Hindu as a loser while portraying Congress Party members as heroes and Muslim heroes as great (in a CBSE history textbooks Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj is called a chieftain, not even as King whereas Mughal rulers are called Emperors). They even covered up or criticized freedom fighters or greats from their opposition parties as they criticized Veer Savarkar (Hindu Mahasabha), Bhagat Singh (Hindustan Socialist Republican Party) and Netaji Bose (who quit Congress to form Azad Hind Fouz). They even criticized Dr Ambedkar (SCF) but stopped after he became Law Minister.

2 kinds of people are underrated in contemporary India and that has been the policy since 1947 a) those who really fought against the British are ignored b) those who come in the way of Muslim appeasement in any way are ignored too.

For eg: if you rate Chhatrapati Sambhaji Maharaj highly then you will also have to downvote his killer Aurangzeb and open up and discuss the topic of the last 14 days of Chhatrapati Sambhaji in Mughal custody, which secularists will never approve of.

Also no wonder India's HRD Education Ministers from 1947 to 1975 were mostly Muslims with only one exception of Dr Shrimali, so how could they glorify Chhatrapati Sambhaji Maharaj? Also as India harped on secular values opening Chhatrapati Sambhaji Maharaj's topic was like opening a can of worms as then you must admire him as a Dharamveer which comes in the way of Muslim appeasement. Even in case of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj you will find historians talking more about his secular credentials than his contribution to Hindavi Swarajya with some pseudo historians painting him as a friend of the Mughals.

The British too made it a point of preserving the legacy of those who sided with them in colonial times, so whenever you will visit Jaipur you will see very well maintained forts as Jaipur kings sided with the British whereas you will find Jodhpur forts in ruins who weren't pro British, similarly neither Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj's forts were well preserved nor was Shaniwarwada built by Peshwa Bajirao as they always gave tough to the British. Even Rani Laxmibai's legacy is not preserved.

Apply the above formula to all great people from history and you will see that only those are glorified whom the British or the Congress approved of in their time and till today whom the secularists approve of.

What if the Great Attractor was a gigantic black hole 100x larger than the TON 618?

 

A cool what-if, but that is not reality.

100x larger than TON 618 is peanuts compared to what's actually tugging on our galaxy.

TON 618 already is considered a monster, at 66 billion solar masses for black holes, yes.

Times that by 100?

You're looking at 6.6 trillion solar masses.

Impressive, but the Great Attractor is dragging on stuff with the equivalent of 100 quadrillion solar masses.

Or about 15,000 times more massive than your hypothetical black hole.

We are also fairly pretty sure that the Great Attractor is not an object.

Probably an enormous super-cluster of galaxies, right in the middle is the Norma Cluster.

We can hardly see it because it lies behind the galactic centre of the Milky Way, but its gravitational effects leave no doubt.

It is huge enough to take part in tens of thousands of galaxies, even whole clusters, in motion.

A black hole-even one 100 times bigger than TON 618-just doesn't have that kind of reach, doesn't have that heft.

The real Great Attractor is that huge knot in the cosmic web where galaxies, dark matter, and everything else flow into.

Great Tips for Improving Your Life

Dr. Randy Pausch died of pancreatic cancer in 2008, but wrote a book 'The last lecture" before then, one of the bestsellers in 2007. What a legacy to leave behind...
In a letter to his wife Jai and his children, Dylan, Logan , and Chloe, he wrote this beautiful "guide to a better life" for his wife and children to follow. May you be blessed by his insight.

 

Personality:
1. Don't compare your life to others'. You have no idea what their journey is all about.
2. Don't have negative thoughts of things you cannot control. Instead invest your energy in the positive present moment
3. Don't over-do; keep your limits
4. Don't take yourself so seriously; no one else does
5. Don't waste your precious energy on gossip
6. Dream more while you are awake
7. Envy is a waste of time. You already have all you need..
8. Forget issues of the past. Don't remind your partner of his/her mistakes of the past. That will ruin your present happiness.
9. Life is too short to waste time hating anyone. Don't hate others.
10. Make peace with your past so it won't spoil the present
11. No one is in charge of your happiness except you
12. Realize that life is a school and you are here to learn.  Problems are simply part of the curriculum that appear and fade away like algebra class but the lessons you learn will last a lifetime.
13. Smile and laugh more
14. You don't have to win every argument. Agree to disagree.

 

Community:
15. Call your family often
16. Each day give something good to others
17. Forgive everyone for everything
18. Spend time with people over the age of 70 & under the age of 6
19. Try to make at least three people smile each day
20. What other people think of you is none of your business
21. Your job will not take care of you when you are sick. Your family and friends will. Stay in touch.

 

Life:
22. Put GOD first in anything and everything that you think, say and do.
23. GOD heals everything
24. Do the right things
25. Whatever good or bad a situation is, it will change
26. No matter how you feel, get up, dress up and show up
27. The best is yet to come
28. Get rid of anything that isn't useful, beautiful or joyful
29. When you awake alive in the morning, thank GOD for it
30. If you know GOD you will always be happy. So, be happy.

 

While you practice all of the above, share this knowledge with the people you love, people you school with, people you play with, people you work with and people you live with. Not only will it enrich YOUR life, but also that of those around you.